Contribution of corn intercropped with Brachiaria species to nutrient cycling1

Oliveira, Silas Maciel de; Almeida, Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de; Pierozan, Clovis; Reis, André Fróes de Borja; Souza, Lucas Freitas Nogueira; Favarin, José Laércio

doi:10.1590/1983-40632019v4955018

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The decomposition rate of the remaining biomass determines the residence time of the mulch on the soil, which is influenced by the lignin contents and can be reflected by the C/N ratio. Forage grasses generally produce relatively high amounts of biomass, which is also characterized by a high C/N ratio, contributing in turn to increased longevity of the soil cover (Oliveira et al ., 2019). C/N ratios lower of 20 contribute to mineralization, and greater values contribute to the immobilization of nutrients in the soil; the ideal is a balance between the two processes – C/N ratios between 20 and 30 (Truong and Marschner, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachiaria and Panicum maximum in an integrated crop–livestock system and a second-crop maize system in succession with soybean

et al. 2020

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Owing to its contribution to the maintenance of carbon stocks, soil nitrogen and nutrient cycling for subsequent crops, the integrated systems become increasingly important for agricultural conservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production of and total nutrient in Brachiaria spp. and Panicum maximum forage grasses used as mulch and soybean yields in an integrated crop–livestock system and second-crop maize succession system. The treatments consisted of the following cropping systems: Xaraes palisadegrass intercropped with soybean, Congo grass intercropped with soybean, Mombaça guinea grass intercropped with soybean, Tamani guinea grass intercropped with soybean and a soybean/maize succession system. The forage grasses were established during the soybean R6–R7 stage. Compared with Congo grass, Xaraes palisadegrass, Mombaça guinea grass and Tamani guinea grass produced more biomass and equivalent amounts of fertilizer returned to the soil and resulted in greater nutrient cycling, indicating the benefits of these grasses for use as mulch in integrated production systems. Maize had a greater C/N ratio, but the forage grasses also exhibited high potential by protecting the soil until the end of the soybean development cycle. The use of an integrated crop–livestock system combined with a forage cropping system provided greater soil nutrient cycling than the maize cropping system did, which resulted in increased soybean yields, thus contributing to the sustainability of agricultural systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachiaria and Panicum maximum in an integrated crop–livestock system and a second-crop maize system in succession with soybean

et al. 2020

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“…Either way, both species will coexist through the corn cycle. To guarantee no corn yield loss, forage growth must be partially suppressed to reduce competition for water, light, nutrients and space with corn; consequently, corn gains a competitive advantage over the forage, which can lead to normal growth, development and production during the intercrop without compromising forage production afterwards (Ceccon et al, 2013;de Oliveira et al, 2019). Broadcasting Urochloa before/after corn can be a way to reduce its growth (Ceccon et al, 2013) and the use of lower herbicide rates is also recommended for this aim (Almeida et al, 2018d;de Oliveira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Urochloa In Tropical and Subtropical Conservation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…is the most used herbicide to suppress Urochloa growth in intercropping systems (Almeida et al, 2018d;de Oliveira et al, 2019). According to Anésio et al (2017), applying nicosulfuron to Urochloa at a lower rate affords the suppression needed, without killing it.…”

Section: Urochloa In Tropical and Subtropical Conservation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Urochloa in Tropical Agroecosystems

Baptistella¹,

Andrade

Favarin³

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Increasing biodiversity is an important issue in more secure and sustainable agriculture. Diversified systems are more resilient to climate change, environmental stresses and enhance soil health, nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. In tropical agroecosystems, cover crops and intercrops are an alternative toward a more diverse and sustainable production. Urochloa spp. (syn. Brachiaria spp.) are perennial grasses, known for their high biomass production. They are commonly used as cover and companion crops in conservation agriculture in the tropics and the residues left in the field after cutting protect the soil and provide nutrient to the next crop cycle or intercropped culture. Urochloa species roots are vigorous, abundant and deep, as opposed to the more shallow and scarce roots of common crops. These traits contribute to carbon sequestration, soil organic matter stabilization and nutrient cycling. Urochloa roots also improve soil physical characteristics and influence soil nutrient dynamics, reducing nutrient losses and enhancing cycling, what is key to achieve greater nutrient use efficiency in agriculture. For instance, Urochloa root exudates can reduce nitrogen losses by denitrification and leaching through a process called biological nitrification inhibition; root exudates can mobilize recalcitrant phosphorus from soils and make it available for plant uptake; the deep roots of these grasses have the potential to recover nutrients that are virtually lost away from the root zone of other crops. This review compiles scientific progress regarding the introduction of Urochloa in agroecosystems, mainly on the aspects related to the contribution to more secure and sustainable agriculture.

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“…The greater intake of N in the leaves of the Tahiti acid lime, observed in the NT treatment in the second year of evaluation (data not shown), was also observed by Oliveira et al (2019) for apple trees, using biomass treatment of spontaneous plants covering the orchard planting row. Fidalski and Stenzel (2006) also observed an increase in the leaf levels of N in the Folha Murcha sweet orange grafted onto Rangpur lime, brought about by the covering of the inter-rows with the use of Urochloa brizantha.…”

Section: Soil Fertility and Foliar Analysismentioning

confidence: 55%

No-Tillage and High-Density Planting for Tahiti Acid Lime Grafted Onto Flying Dragon Trifoliate Orange

Azevedo¹,

Almeida²,

Martinelli³

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The management of soil cover plants (intercropping) in orchards can contribute to increase productivity of citrus trees. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate different planting systems for Tahiti acid lime grafted onto Flying Dragon trifoliate orange, a dwarfing rootstock, at high planting density (1,157 trees ha −1). The study was set up in four tillage systems, using Urochloa ruziziensis as an intercrop species in the orchard, and conducted for 5 years: no-tillage (NT), no-tillage and no-herbicide (NT-NH), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT; without intercropping). Dry matter (DM) production of biomass in the row and interrow of the orchard was evaluated yearly, as well as weed density, soil physical and chemical characteristics, plant water and nutritional status, and fruit yield of trees. Greater deposition of DM of biomass was observed in the row of citrus planting for treatments NT and NT-NH compared to CT and MT treatments, which led to reduced undesirable weed populations. The NT treatment also provided increases of 79% in potassium (K) nutrient concentrations in the leaves of trees and 60% in exchangeable K in the soil surface layer, in the first 2 years evaluated. The maintenance of the Urochloa ruziziensis mulch in the NT system also provided higher soil volumetric moisture content and consequently lower soil resistance penetration and water stress on trees, evidenced by the predawn plant leaf water potential (<1 MPa). Moreover, the NT treatment provided an average increase of 56% of fruit yield from trees compared to the CT treatment during three harvests. This long-term study demonstrated the contribution of the no-tillage system using a favorable cover crop to increase the yield of Tahiti acid lime fruits and maintain the soil quality most required for the sustainability of citrus production.

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Contribution of corn intercropped with Brachiaria species to nutrient cycling1

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Brachiaria and Panicum maximum in an integrated crop–livestock system and a second-crop maize system in succession with soybean

Brachiaria and Panicum maximum in an integrated crop–livestock system and a second-crop maize system in succession with soybean

Urochloa in Tropical Agroecosystems

No-Tillage and High-Density Planting for Tahiti Acid Lime Grafted Onto Flying Dragon Trifoliate Orange

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