Contribution of basal and aerial tillers to sward growth in intermittently stocked elephant grass

Pereira, Lilian Elgalise Techio; Paiva, Adenilson José; Geremia, Eliana Vera; Silva, Sila Carneiro da

doi:10.1111/grs.12194

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In regularly managed pastures, the process is part of a natural cycle of tiller population dynamics, and occurs regardless of the grazing method [58,59]. Demand for N by plants is higher during the beginning of the growing season [56] due to the intense tiller population renewal, high proportion of young tillers, and fast leaf turnover [47,60].…”

Section: Moving To a New Approach On N Fertilization For Tropical Per...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Scenario and Perspectives for Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Tropical Perennial Grass Pastures: A Review

2022

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Traditional Nitrogen (N) fertilization practices for tropical perennial grass are still based on annual amounts, following flat N rates instalments. This strategy does not consider variations in climatic conditions along the growing season, their impacts on the plant’s demand and the soil N availability. At regrowth cycles where the amount of soil N released from mineralization or through animal excreta surpass the plant’s demand, most of the N may be lost (as ammonia, nitrate, and nitrous oxide), increasing production costs and environmental pollution. This paper examines current N fertilization and discusses possible gaps in knowledge for the definition of more precise fertilization guidelines in pasture-based livestock systems based on tropical perennial grasses. More precise fertilization practices, based upon site and seasonal-specific recommendations, will substantially contribute to the establishment of best fertilization guidelines. Sustainable approaches can be defined by combining the identification of regrowth cycles where high N rates are required, with enhanced efficiency fertilizers, and/or using grass species with the potential for biological nitrification inhibition. The lack of information on tropical grasses requirements, and soil and climatic factors driving the N fate into the mineralization and immobilization processes and how these factors affect plant’s N demand, still prevents opportunities for tactical applications and the establishment of best management guidelines.

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Section: Moving To a New Approach On N Fertilization For Tropical Per...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Scenario and Perspectives for Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Tropical Perennial Grass Pastures: A Review

2022

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“…The stem elongation resulted in greater stem length and mass in tallest canopies (Tables 4 and 8) and inside the cages (Tables 6 and 7). Stem elongation under tiller competition for light has been reported in tropical forage grasses (Pedreira, Pedreira, & Silva, 2009;Pereira, Paiva, Geremia, & Silva, 2018;Zanini, Santos, & Sbrissia, 2012).…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 96%

The exclosure cage technique revisited: Pasture responses under continuous stocking and their relationship with estimates of forage accumulation in grazing experiments

et al. 2021

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Forage accumulation (FA) is a key response in grazing experiments, and estimates of FA in continuously stocked pastures are often obtained using exclosure cages. This study evaluated how 14-, 21-, and 28-d exclusion periods using cages affected morphological, physiological, and morphogenetic responses of continuously stocked 'Mulato II' hybrid brachiariagrass (Brachiaria spp. syn. Urochloa spp.) pastures maintained at 20-and 30-cm canopy height and how this affected estimates of FA. Grazing exclusion resulted in greater rates of leaf elongation (LER; 1.62 vs. 1.37 cm tiller −1 d −1), stem elongation (SER; 0.16 vs. 0.07 cm tiller −1 d −1), leaf growth (101 vs. 86 kg dry matter [DM] ha −1 d −1), and stem growth (3.4 vs. 1.8 kg DM ha −1 d −1) inside the cages compared with outside. Greater LER resulted in greater final leaf length and leaf area index (LAI) in longer exclusion periods. With greater LAI, photosynthesis was greater within the exclosure cages than on pasture (54.5 vs. 43.9 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1). Greater leaf growth rate, together with same tiller population density and leaf senescence rate (LSR) across exclusion periods, resulted in overestimated FA by 14, 26, and 24% for 14-, 21-, and 28-d exclusions, respectively. There was no effect of canopy height on FA, because greater LER and SER values in 30-cm canopies were compensated by greater LSR. Choice of sites for cage placement by visual appraisal and reduced number of sampling sites resulted on "negative" values of calculated FA for the 14-d exclusion, making the choice of sampling sites a major source of error in estimation of actual FA. Increasing the number of sampling sites and using indirect measurements of forage mass (FM) may increase the accuracy of FM and FA estimates.

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Growth of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça as affected by grazing strategies and environmental seasonality. I. Tillering dynamics and population stability

et al. 2021

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In rotationally grazed pastures, the canopy light environment can be modulated through both grazing frequency and severity, and the magnitude of sward responses may differ according to forage species and its ability to use available resources. We hypothesised that the tall, tufted, fast-growing, tussock-forming species Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs cv. Mombaça) can modulate its tillering dynamics and change its persistence pathway according to grazing strategy and the availability of growth factors. Treatments corresponded to all combinations of two levels of pre-grazing canopy light interception during regrowth (95% and maximum) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm), and were allocated to experimental units according to a randomised complete block design with four replications. Measurements were performed throughout contrasting climatic conditions during four seasons from January 2001 to February 2002. A quite stable tiller population density presented regardless of the range of grazing frequency and severity used in the study. However, tiller appearance and death were strongly influenced (P < 0.001) by season of the year, with highest rates recorded during the two summers and lowest during autumn–winter. There was no conclusive evidence that the persistence pathway of Mombaça guineagrass changes within the grazing management strategies studied.

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Contribution of basal and aerial tillers to sward growth in intermittently stocked elephant grass

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Current Scenario and Perspectives for Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Tropical Perennial Grass Pastures: A Review

Current Scenario and Perspectives for Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Tropical Perennial Grass Pastures: A Review

The exclosure cage technique revisited: Pasture responses under continuous stocking and their relationship with estimates of forage accumulation in grazing experiments

Growth of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça as affected by grazing strategies and environmental seasonality. I. Tillering dynamics and population stability

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