Contrasting the form and use of reformulation markers

Abstract

This paper deals with the form and use of reformulation markers in research papers written in English, Spanish and Catalan. Considering the form and frequency of the markers, English papers tends to prefer simple fixed markers and includes less reformulators than Spanish and Catalan. On the contrary, formal Catalan and Spanish papers include more markers, some of which are complex and allow for some structural variability. As for use, reformulation markers establish dynamic relationships between portions of discourse which can be identified in our corpus with expansion, reduction, and permutation. The analysis of the corpus shows that English authors usually reformulate to add more information to the concept (expansion), whereas Catalan and Spanish authors reduce the contents or the implicatures of the previous formulation more frequently than English.

The use of reformulation markers in Business Management research articles

“…As we can see from the following examples, the proposed typology of functions applies to both languages, since RMs operate cross-linguistically (Cuenca 2003, Cuenca & Bach 2007, Garcés Gómez 2009, Murillo 2007): I. Functions related to the interpretation of explicit content:…”

“…She found, however, a higher overall frequency than in the study performed by Murillo (2007) and that attested in the present study, especially in the Spanish subcorpus: Cuenca found 47 RMs in her English subcorpus, which would amount to approximately 11.75 per 10,000 words, and 95 cases in her Spanish one (23.75 per 10,000 words). 7 As explained in a follow-up article (Cuenca & Bach 2007), it is important to take into account that the papers in this corpus are written versions of oral presentations in conferences, which could encourage the frequency of use of RMs and influence the types of RMs used.…”

“…Alternative groupings have been provided by Hyland (2007) and Cuenca & Bach (2007). Their proposals are based on the meaning relations expressed by the reformulations and they deal with expansion and reduction categories.…”

Retórica intercultural: uso de los conectores aditivos en las noticias de accidentes de tráfico en los diarios españoles y argentinos

“…No obstante, tan solo ofrecen un recuento de conectores sin aportar si en sus respectivos corpus se hallan distintos valores de un determinado conector o simplemente uno de ellos. Sin embargo, si no los incorporamos a nuestros análisis, estos quedarán cojos, como muestran las escasas investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo cuando estos se han incorporado (Flores Acuña, 2003;Cuenca y Bach, 2007;Lira Dias, 2010;Simma, 2013; entre otros). Desgraciadamente, aunque estos estudios incorporan incluyen los distintos valores de determinados conectores que hallan en sus respectivos corpus, desconocemos con qué frecuencia encontramos cada uno de estos valores por lo que ignoramos si un determinado valor es uno de los principales o tan solo marginal.…”

A didatização do discurso da ciência na mídia eletrônica

“…O texto passa a ter um caráter autoexplicativo a partir do emprego de recursos de reescritura dos artigos científicos em notícias de PC (HYLAND, 2007 Neste artigo, focamos o processo de reformulação por meio do emprego de aposto e glosa. A literatura publicada sobre o tema (CIAPUSCIO, 2003;HYLAND, 2005HYLAND, , 2007HYLAND, , 2009LEIBRUDER, 2000;VANDE KOPPLE, 1985, CUENCA;BACH, 2007), bem como as análises prévias já realizadas (PRATES; SCHERER; MOTTA-ROTH; NASCIMENTO, 2008;MOTTA-ROTH;LOVATO, 2008;MOTTA-ROTH;LOVATO, 2009;, MOTTA-ROTH, 2009) corroboram a existência e a importância desses recursos, pois produzir um texto de popularização da ciência significa basicamente recontextualizar e reformular uma fonte de modo que a mesma seja compreensível e relevante para uma outra audiência, em um contexto discursivo que, apesar de previsível, difere daquele da fonte original (CIAPUSCIO, 2003, p. 210).…”