Background: Extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase (ESBL)producing Escherichia coli is an increasingly important group of community pathogens worldwide. These organisms are frequently resistant to many of the antimicrobial agents usually recommended for the treatment of infections caused by E coli, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Data concerning risk factors, clinical features, and therapeutic options for such infections are scarce. Methods: A case-control study was performed to investigate the risk factors for all types of community-acquired infections caused by ESBL-producing E coli in 11 Spanish hospitals from February 2002 to May 2003. Controls were randomly chosen from among outpatients with a clinical sample not yielding ESBL-producing E coli. The clinical features of these infections were investigated in the case patients. The efficacy of fosfomycin tromethamine and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium was observationally studied in patients with cystitis. Results: A total of 122 cases were included. Risk factors selected by multivariate analysis included the fol-Author Affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

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punto de partida sus usos y funciones en la interacción social tiene que sustentarse en el conocimiento de los mecanismos lingüísticos y discursivos que pueden caracterizar los diferentes usos de la lengua, los distintos tipos de discurso. Este artículo presenta el conjunto de todos aquellos recursos lingüístico-discursivos que caracterizan la argumentación a partir de los planteamientos actuales sobre tipos de textos y de discursos y sobre las características dialógicas del discurso argumentativo.

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