Continuous modelling and kinetic parameter estimation for cellulose nitration

Barbosa, Ilmar Victor M.; Merquior, Douglas Marcelo; Peixoto, Fernando Cunha

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.029

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Cellulose is a linear polymer consisting of ␤-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose units 1 and its nitration to nitrocellulose follows the scheme in Figure 1.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fraction of molecules with indexes (y, z) that are nitrated to produce molecules with indexes (x, z), where x Ͼ y, is given by the stoichiometric coefficient distribution function (SCDF) 1 :…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive list of typical mathematical approaches for this class of problems can be found in the related literature. 1 For the cellulose nitration, even if no diffusional effects are considered, all reactants and products belong to the same double-index continuous series, which increases the mathematical complexity of the problem; as described in previous works, this leads to balances expressed by integro-differential equations. However, if mass-transfer effects are taken into account, algebraic-integro-differential systems must be solved because the concentration profile on the fiber surface must be calculated at each simulation time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Of particular interest are smokeless gun powders and propellants for rocket and missiles, in which a rigid product quality control must be implemented, given that ballistic behavior profoundly depends on nitrocellulose characteristics. However, this is a difficult task because cellulose nitration can be monitored only by off-line measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,8,9 Diffusion aspects required the calculation of the number of moles of nitronium ions available at each simulation time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of kinetic and mass‐transfer parameters for cellulose nitration

2006

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“…Cellulose is a linear polymer consisting of ␤-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose units 1 and its nitration to nitrocellulose follows the scheme in Figure 1.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,8,9 Diffusion aspects required the calculation of the number of moles of nitronium ions available at each simulation time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of kinetic and mass‐transfer parameters for cellulose nitration

2006

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Nitrocellulose Synthesis from Miscanthus Cellulose

Gismatulina

Будаева

Сакович

2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The possibility of synthesizing nitrocellulose (NC) from an easily renewable non-woody feedstock, Miscanthus, is demonstrated herein. Nitration of Miscanthus cellulose with commercial mixed acid was found to afford high-quality NC: 11.85 % nitrogen content, 18 cP viscosity of 2 % NCacetone solution, 97 % solubility in alcohol-ester mixture, and 0.11 % ash content. The Miscanthus NC structure and fibers were characterized by analytical techniques such as SEM, IR spectroscopy, TGA/DTG, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The Miscanthus NC is comparable in quality to basic NC types used for the manufacture of films, membranes, lacquers, nail polish, liquid bandage, artificial silk and skin.

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Preparation of Nitrocellulose by Homogeneous Esterification of Cellulose Based on Ionic Liquids

Duan

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The industrial nitrification system of preparing nitrocellulose (NC) adopts nitric and sulfuric mixed acid, which generates a large amount of waste acid and by‐products, and requires a laborious procedure for the stability treatment. In this study, a novel method was developed for the preparation of NC. NC with a nitrogen content of 12.62 % was prepared in 15 min by homogeneous esterification of cellulose based on [Bmim]Cl (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride). The samples were characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, Raman, XPS, TG‐DSC, GPC, SEM, and elemental analysis. In addition, the activation energy (Ea) was calculated according to the Kissinger method. The burning rate and chemical stability of samples were also tested. The results showed that the NC had 3D honeycomb structure with pores of 200–300 nm diameter, uniform distribution of nitrogen elements, nitrogen content of 12.62 %, and minimum polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.55. The heat of decomposition (Qdec) released by the samples was increased by 141 J/g, the Ea decreased by 16.4 %, and the burning rate increased by 40.5 % when compared with commercially available NC12.6%. The chemical stability was very well only after water cooking. Compared with the conventional method, this method doesn't use sulfuric acid, generates less waste acid, and doesn't produce by‐products such as sulfate esters. The procedure of stability treatment was also very effortless. The costs could also be reduced by the recycling of ionic liquids.

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Continuous modelling and kinetic parameter estimation for cellulose nitration

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Estimation of kinetic and mass‐transfer parameters for cellulose nitration

Estimation of kinetic and mass‐transfer parameters for cellulose nitration

Nitrocellulose Synthesis from Miscanthus Cellulose

Preparation of Nitrocellulose by Homogeneous Esterification of Cellulose Based on Ionic Liquids

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