Context-Based Dynamic Meshed Backhaul Construction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Abstract

Five-G heterogeneous network overlaid by millimeter-wave (mmWave) access employs mmWave meshed backhauling as a promising cost-efficient backhaul architecture. Due to the nature of mobile traffic distribution in practice which is both time-variant and spatially non-uniform, dynamic construction of mmWave meshed backhaul is a prerequisite to support the varying traffic distribution. Focusing on such scenario of outdoor dynamic crowd (ODC), this paper proposes a novel method to control mmWave meshed backhaul for efficient operation of mmWave overlay 5G HetNet through Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology. Our algorithm is featured by two functionalities, i.e., backhauling route multiplexing for overloaded mmWave small cell base stations (SC-BSs) and mmWave SC-BSs’ ON/OFF status switching for underloaded spot. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed meshed network is confirmed by both numerical analyses and experimental results. Simulations are conducted over a practical user distribution modeled from measured data in realistic environments. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can cope with the locally intensive traffic and reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, a WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance certified) device based testbed is developed for Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and preliminary measurement results confirm the proposed dynamic formation of the meshed network’s efficiency.

A Multi-Layer Multi-Timescale Network Utility Maximization Framework for the SDN-Based LayBack Architecture Enabling Wireless Backhaul Resource Sharing

“…Emerging cyber-physical systems, such as medical devices that provide critical diagnostics and continuous therapeutic interventions to humans going about their daily lives [100] as well as networked vehicular systems [101][102][103], such as the transportation systems in smart cities, require uninterrupted connectivity with high quality of service levels. Wireless backhaul networks need multiple redundant connectivity paths that provide fail-over functionalities in case of failures [104][105][106]. Future backhaul resource optimization needs to account for and route among these multiple connectivity paths (e.g., with SDN support [107,108]) and optimally allocate resources during normal operation as well as after various failure scenarios.…”

NFV/SDN as an Enabler for Dynamic Placement Method of mmWave Embedded UAV Access Base Stations

“…Furthermore, we have proposed an algorithm that dynamically controls not only the backhaul network but also the power supply of the base station by SDN according to the traffic conditions of the user [23]. The proposed method effectively satisfies both user satisfaction and power supply connectivity.…”

Backhaul-Aware Dimensioning and Planning of Millimeter-Wave Small Cell Networks

“…However, because of the higher frequencies, these bands are prone to atmospheric effects or rain fade, which can attenuate the signal and limit its range. Thus, the wireless option presents more challenging issues to face, such as the directional LOS design [22], the self-BH [23][24][25] or the multi-hop BH [26][27][28]. The in-band self-BH problem is aimed at finding the optimal BH and access time resource partition, combined with the user association and the beam alignment.…”

“…In ultra-dense networks, the multi-hop design allows mitigating the impact of locally intensive traffic, while simultaneous multi-hop backhaul connections can also reduce the link outages due to blockage. This issue, together with the optimization of energy consumption, is addressed in [27], where the base stations in light-load condition are turned off to minimize power consumption. Both works [27,28] employ Software-Defined Networks (SDN) technology for dynamic construction of mesh networks in order to handle the variations of the traffic load.…”

“…This issue, together with the optimization of energy consumption, is addressed in [27], where the base stations in light-load condition are turned off to minimize power consumption. Both works [27,28] employ Software-Defined Networks (SDN) technology for dynamic construction of mesh networks in order to handle the variations of the traffic load. The multi-hop BH in multi-operator scenarios is addressed in [29], where a matching theory-based algorithm is developed considering both wireless channel characteristics and economic factors.…”