Content Analysis of the Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Athletic Identity and Conformity to Masculine Norms Among College Football Players

“…This body of research has examined constrictive conceptions of masculinity that inhibit men's development, reduce men's capacity to form meaningful relationships, and contribute to the oppression of others (SPSMM, 2011). Within the psychological study of men and masculinity, the social constructionist perspective of gender role socialization has emerged as the most prominent theoretical framework (Whorley & Addis, 2006;Wong, Steinfeldt, Speight, & Hickman, 2010). This perspective identifies social influences that guide men's expectations of how they should think, feel, and act as men in society.…”

Male Asian international students’ perceived racial discrimination, masculine identity, and subjective masculinity stress: A moderated mediation model.

“…Collective identities (based on identifi cation with social groups) can be distinguished from personal identities (based on characteristics that one perceives to be unique to the self; Ashmore et al, 2004). Although the notion of collective identity has been widely applied in multicultural counseling psy chology research-especially in the constructs of racial identity and ethnic identity (Cokley & Vandiver, 2012)-its impact on masculinity psychological research has been limited (Wong, Steinfeldt, Speight, & Hickman, 2010; for an exception, see Wade, 1998). One possibility for this neglect is that collective identity has typically been applied to research on subordinate groups to explain how collective identities may serve as protective or risk factors in the context of oppression (Cokley & Vandiver, 2012), whereas men are generally regarded as a socially dominant and privileged group in society (Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005).…”

“Not My Father’s Son”: Qualitative Investigation of U.S. Men’s Perceptions of Their Fathers’ Expectations and Influence

“…The qualitative data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive coding (Saldana, 2009) and content analysis (Krippendorff, 2003). The benefits and appropriateness of using content analysis in psychology of men and masculinity research have been noted (Wong et al, 2010). Two White, European American, male PhD students in Counseling Psychology (the second and third authors) separately coded each set of participant responses using descriptive coding to categorize the data at a "basic level" (Saldana, 2009, p. 72).…”

“…This is a significant gap, considering it means there is little empirical knowledge about how various norms of masculinity might be learned, taught, or constructed (e.g., through father-son relationships)-knowledge that might be used to test and refine theory. Masculinities theories prominently feature social learning and social constructionist perspectives (Wong, Steinfeldt, Speight, & Hickman, 2010). Addis, Reigeluth, and Schwab (2016) described how social learning and social constructionist perspectives on masculinities might be integrated:…”