Contemporary Views of Human–Carnivore Conflicts on Wild Rangelands

Zimmermann, Alexandra; Baker, Nick; Inskip, Chloe; Linnell, John D. C.; Marchini, Silvio; Oddén, John; Rasmussen, Gregory S. A.; Treves, Adrian

doi:10.1002/9781444317091.ch6

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previous research on an array of species in an array of geographical locations also indicate that negative interactions with wildlife influence people's attitudes toward wildlife (Riley and Decker 2000b;Naughton-Treves and Treves 2005;Wang et al 2006;Romañach et al 2007;Zimmermann et al 2010). In the Pantanal of Brazil, for example, respondents whose cattle had been attacked by jaguars (Panthera onca) were more likely to view jaguars as a threat (Zimmermann et al 2005).…”

Section: Conceptual Background: Attitudes Toward Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Pantanal of Brazil, for example, respondents whose cattle had been attacked by jaguars (Panthera onca) were more likely to view jaguars as a threat (Zimmermann et al 2005). In addition to direct negative interactions, indirect negative interactions such as hearing or reading about wildlife attacks on livestock or people may also engender negative attitudes (Karlsson and Sjöström 2007;Zimmermann et al 2010). For example, Karlsson and Sjöström (2007) attributed negative attitudes toward wolves (Canis lupus) in Sweden to exposure to negative information about wolves from friends, peers, and media.…”

Section: Conceptual Background: Attitudes Toward Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Assessment of Attitudes Toward Tigers in Nepal

Carter

Riley

Shortridge

et al. 2013

AMBIO

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In many regions around the world, wildlife impacts on people (e.g., crop raiding, attacks on people) engender negative attitudes toward wildlife. Negative attitudes predict behaviors that undermine wildlife management and conservation efforts (e.g., by exacerbating retaliatory killing of wildlife). Our study (1) evaluated attitudes of local people toward the globally endangered tiger (Panthera tigris) in Nepal's Chitwan National Park; and (2) modeled and mapped spatial clusters of attitudes toward tigers. Factors characterizing a person's position in society (i.e., socioeconomic and cultural factors) influenced attitudes toward tigers more than past experiences with tigers (e.g., livestock attacks). A spatial cluster of negative attitudes toward tigers was associated with concentrations of people with less formal education, people from marginalized ethnic groups, and tiger attacks on people. Our study provides insights and descriptions of techniques to improve attitudes toward wildlife in Chitwan and many regions around the world with similar conservation challenges.

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Section: Conceptual Background: Attitudes Toward Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Background: Attitudes Toward Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Assessment of Attitudes Toward Tigers in Nepal

Carter

Riley

Shortridge

et al. 2013

AMBIO

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“…Human settlements surround and encroach into tiger habitat degrading natural areas and potentially increasing levels of environmental stress for tigers. This region has also experienced severe socio-political unrest, which included 10 year civil war during the Maoist insurgency, that has negatively impacted fragile ecosystems with weakened wildlife conservation programs [35, 36]. Considering the degree of environmental degradation in conjunction with habitat loss and fragmentation over the last century [32], it is vital to take a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach to monitoring and managing the health of wild tiger subpopulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and their putative metabolic functions in fragmented Bengal tiger population of Nepal

Karmacharya

Manandhar

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Bengal tigers ( Panthera tigris tigris ) serve a pivotal role as an apex predator in forest ecosystems. To increase our knowledge on factors impacting the viability and health of this endangered species, we studied the gut microbiota in 32 individual Bengal tigers from three geographically separated areas (Chitwan National Park (CNP), Bardia National Park (BNP) and Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve (SWR)) in Nepal, using noninvasive genetic sampling methods. Gut microbiota influence the immune system, impact various physiological functions, and modulates metabolic reactions, that ultimately impact the host health, behavior and development. Across the tiger populations in Nepal, we found significant differences in the composition of microbial communities based on their geographic locations. Specifically, we detected significant differences between CNP and the other two protected areas (CNP vs BNP: pseudo t = 1.944, P = 0.006; CNP vs SWR: pseudo t = 1.9942, P = 0.0071), but no differences between BNP and SWR. This mirrors what has been found for tiger gene flow in the same populations, suggesting gut microbiota composition and host gene flow may be linked. Furthermore, predictive metagenome functional content analysis (PICRUSt) revealed a higher functional enrichment and diversity for significant gut microbiota in the Chitwan tiger population and the lowest enrichment and diversity in Suklaphanta. The CNP tiger population contained higher proportions of microbiota that are associated with predicted functions relevant for metabolism of amino acid, lipid, xenobiotics biodegradation, terpenoides and polyketides than the SWR population. We conclude the tiger population structure, gut microbiota profile and associated functional metabolic categories are correlated, with geographically most separated CNP and SWR tiger population having the most distinct and different host genotype and microbiota profiles. Our work dramatically expands the understanding of tiger microbiota in wild populations and provides a valuable case study on how to investigate genetic diversity at different hierarchical levels, including hosts as well as their microbial communities.

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“…As a response to such conflicts, affected people tend to persecute the species of wild animal involved. Persecution in the context of human-wild animal conflict is different from hunting itself because in hunting the hunter sees a product (meat, trophy, and sport), while in conflict, the aim is to threaten or eradicate the individual animal involved or even the species (Zimmermann et al, 2010). Hunting as means of defense against predators is generally carried out in response to conflicts caused by damage to domestic animals or crops, or in response to the danger that animals pose to people (Alves, Gonc¸alves, & Vieira, 2012;Alves et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts Between Humans and Terrestrial Vertebrates: A Global Review

Torres

Oliveira

Alves

2018

Tropical Conservation Science

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Conflicts between human beings and wild animals have been recorded in many parts of the world and mainly involve damage to crops, predation of domestic animals, and attacks on humans. This study presents, by means of a literature review, a worldview of such conflicts and their implications. The results found 262 species of terrestrial vertebrates recorded in conflicts with humans, of which 53 are included in the list of threatened species. The results indicated that damage to agricultural crops and attacks on domestic animals are the most common factors of conflicts and that socioeconomic factors seem to be correlated with their incidence. Studies aimed at finding more efficient ways to reduce conflicts and lessen the impact on animal populations are relevant to the search for a more peaceful coexistence between humans and wild animals.

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Contemporary Views of Human–Carnivore Conflicts on Wild Rangelands

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Spatial Assessment of Attitudes Toward Tigers in Nepal

Spatial Assessment of Attitudes Toward Tigers in Nepal

Gut microbiota and their putative metabolic functions in fragmented Bengal tiger population of Nepal

Conflicts Between Humans and Terrestrial Vertebrates: A Global Review

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