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Conflicts between human beings and wild animals have been recorded in many parts of the world and mainly involve damage to crops, predation of domestic animals, and attacks on humans. This study presents, by means of a literature review, a worldview of such conflicts and their implications. The results found 262 species of terrestrial vertebrates recorded in conflicts with humans, of which 53 are included in the list of threatened species. The results indicated that damage to agricultural crops and attacks on domestic animals are the most common factors of conflicts and that socioeconomic factors seem to be correlated with their incidence. Studies aimed at finding more efficient ways to reduce conflicts and lessen the impact on animal populations are relevant to the search for a more peaceful coexistence between humans and wild animals.

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