Contemporary hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer risk: What do we learn?

Vanidassane, Ilavarasi; Gogia, Ajay; Kumar, Lalit

doi:10.4103/0970-258x.255759

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Exogenous hormone therapy, such as hormonal contraceptives or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is widely regarded as an associated risk factor for breast cancer [19]; however, in our study, we did not find a strong association between the two, with only 17.41% of patients having a history of exogenous hormonal therapy. Of those, only 5.80% were below 50 years of age, while 11.60% were 50 years or older, indicating that the risk is higher in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Molecular Profile of Breast Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry Markers in Mexican Women

et al. 2021

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Background: In Mexico, breast cancer is the leading cause of death by malignant tumors in women aged 20 and older. The World Health Organization estimates that 69% of deaths caused by breast cancer occur in developing countries. Little is known about the prevalence of breast carcinoma in Mexico and its molecular subclassification.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent a mastectomy (single, radical or lumpectomy) or a breast tumor biopsy (core-needle or excisional) from January 2002 to December 2018. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and molecular profile of breast in comprehensive cancer center in Mexico and compare our results with those published in the US. This study was approved by our scientific and bioethical committee. Results:The final analysis included 379 patients. The youngest patient was 23 years old and the oldest patient was 89; the mean age at diagnosis was 54.63 years. Patients of 40 years old or younger accounted for 48 of the cases (12.66%) and those older than 40 accounted for 331 of the cases (87.33%). The molecular subclassification showed luminal A subtype in 139 cases (36.67%), luminal B subtype in 143 cases (37.73%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive carcinomas in 32 cases (8.44%) and triple-negative carcinomas in 65 cases (17.15%). Diabetes mellitus was present in 43 patients (11.34%), hypertension in 78 patients (20.58%), obesity in 82 patients (21.63%) and 66 patients reported being treated with exogenous hormone therapy (17.41%). Conclusions:Breast carcinoma occurs at an earlier age in Mexican women compared to women in the US. Hormone-positive tumors were found to be more prevalent in older patients, while high-grade tumors were more frequently identified in younger patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Molecular Profile of Breast Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry Markers in Mexican Women

et al. 2021

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“…An increase in breast cancer is controversial; some data suggest a slight but significant increase in women using COCs (Gierisch 2013: OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.00-1.17 [56]), most frequently in triple-negative forms. The incidence of breast cancer decreases 5-10 years after a woman stops taking birth control pills [49,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Risks and Side Effects Of Chcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraception in chronic kidney disease: a best practice position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology

et al. 2020

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Even though fertility is reduced, conception and delivery are possible in all stages of CKD. While successful planned pregnancies are increasing, an unwanted pregnancy may have long-lasting deleterious effects, hence the importance of birth control, an issue often disregarded in clinical practice. The evidence summarized in this position statement is mainly derived from the overall population, or other patient categories, in the lack of guidelines specifically addressed to CKD. Oestroprogestagents can be used in early, non-proteinuric CKD, excluding SLE and immunologic disorders, at high risk of thromboembolism and hypertension. Conversely, progestin only is generally safe and its main side effect is intramestrual spotting. Non-medicated intrauterine devices are a good alternative; their use needs to be carefully evaluated in patients at a high risk of pelvic infection, even though the degree of risk remains controversial. Barrier methods, relatively efficacious when correctly used, have few risks, and condoms are the only contraceptives that protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Surgical sterilization is rarely used also because of the risks surgery involves; it is not definitely contraindicated, and may be considered in selected cases. Emergency contraception with high-dose progestins or intrauterine devices is not contraindicated but should be avoided whenever possible, even if far preferable to abortion. Surgical abortion is invasive, but experience with medical abortion in CKD is still limited, especially in the late stages of the disease. In summary, personalized contraception is feasible, safe and should be offered to all CKD women of childbearing age who do not want to get pregnant.

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Contemporary hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer risk: What do we learn?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and Molecular Profile of Breast Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry Markers in Mexican Women

Prevalence and Molecular Profile of Breast Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry Markers in Mexican Women

Contraception in chronic kidney disease: a best practice position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology

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