Contamination of urbanized territories with eggs of helmiths of animals

Abstract

The large number of species which cause parasitic infestations and the wide variety of routes and factors of their transmission give great relevance to systematic veterinary-sanitary research into environmental objects, necessarily paying attention to local natural-climatic conditions, social structure and the activities of the population. This problem is most often studied by medical researchers and ecologists, and the extent of studies on this topic from a veterinary-sanitary point of view is insufficient, which conditioned our choice of the current scientific study. Our goal was determining the level of contamination of urbanized territories with exogenous forms of helminths. The research was conducted during 2010–2018 in the territory of Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. During the study, we examined 41 samples of soil, extracted both in rural areas, and in urban conditions, and also 100 samples of feces of animals and birds. During the examination of soil from rural areas in Kharkiv Oblast and soil in Kharkiv and Balakleia, we found that it was contaminated with eggs of helminths of different morphotypes. It was determined that mean level of contamination of soil in rural area equaled 12.5%. At the same time, the level of contamination of soil of river banks was 15% at intensity of 52 ± 5 eggs/kg of soil and 10.0% in meadows at intensity of 54 ± 8 eggs/kg of soil. The level of contamination of the soil of park zones of urbanized territories with exogenous stages of helminths was 5–55% and that of residential zones of cities was 20.0–23.3%. In general, in the samples of soil, eggs of Strongilata, Ascaridata, Trichocephalus and Cestoda were isolated, and in the soil of rural areas also eggs of Trematoda class. It was proved that cattle and small ruminants discharge feces into the environment which have highest number of eggs of Strongylata spp. helminths (285 ± 3 eggs/g of feces). Excrement of infested birds contaminate the environment with exogenous forms of helminths of Trichocephalata (Capillaria spp.) suborder (101 ± 7 eggs/g of feces). In cities, dogs and cats, infested with helminths, discharge into the environment feces with eggs of parasites that belong to Toxocara spp. (75 ± 4 eggs/g) and Dipylidium caninum (6 ± 1 eggs/g). Droppings of infested birds contaminate the environment with exogenous forms of helminthes of Strongylata spp. (57 ± 2 eggs/g), Аscaridia spp. (19 ± 4 eggs/g) and Capillaria spp. (11 ± 2 eggs/g).

The influence of hydro-meteorological conditions on the spread of chicken cestodiasis

“…Thus a whole series of pollutants, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, helminth eggs, natural and synthetic hormones, veterinary antimicrobial agents and heavy metals are excreted from the birds' manure and all of them can reach the surface of soils in local agricultural land, surface and ground waters and pose direct and indirect risks to human health (Hu et al, 2017). It was determined that the average level of soil pollution in rural areas with helminth eggs (strongilates, ascaridates, trichocephalates, cestodes and trematodes) is 12.5% (Boyko et al, 2009(Boyko et al, , 2016Paliy et al, 2019).…”

Evaluation of acute toxicity of the "Orgasept" disinfectant

“…But such a definition and understanding of the purpose and objectives of disinfection does not cover modern ideas about its role as an independent scientific discipline and its goals and objectives in the overall set of measures to influence the infectious process (Gebel et al, 2013;Horiuk et al, 2019;Paliy et al, 2020b). Factors, influenced the transmission of pathogens are soil, animal housing, manure, care tools, transportation, water bodies, animal products, and animal carcasses (Leggett et al, 2017;Paliy et al, 2018b;2019b). There are potential microbial risks associated with the air in livestock facilities (Abd-Elallet al, 2009) as well as parasitic insects (Paliy et al, 2018a).…”

Disinvasive action of aldehyde and chlorine disinfectants on the test-culture of Toxocara canis eggs

“…The most widespread helminths among domestic animals are nematodes Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati et the dog and feline, respectively (Dalimi et al, 2006;Sudhakar et al, 2013). The eggs of these parasites are common environmental pollutants (Paliy et al, 2019), largely due to the fact that many species of dogs and cats serve as pets, others are wild on city streets. Helminth eggs in the feces of dogs and cats become infectious within a few weeks after they enter the environment (sandpit, city parks, public beaches, etc.)…”