Construction of multifunctional porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel blended with vancomycin for hemorrhage control, antibacterial action, and tissue repair in infected trauma wounds

Abstract

Prevention of bacterial infection and reduction of hemorrhage, the primary challenges posed by trauma before hospitalization, are essential steps in prolonging the patient's life until they have been transported to a trauma center. Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel is a promising biocompatible material for accelerating wound closure. However, due to the lack of antibacterial properties, this hydrogel is difficult to be applied to acute contaminated wounds. This study formulates an injectable dermal extracellular matrix hydrogel (porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM)) as a scaffold for skin defect repair. The hydrogel combines vancomycin, an antimicrobial agent for inducing hemostasis, expediting antimicrobial activity, and promoting tissue repair. The hydrogel possesses a porous structure beneficial for the adsorption of vancomycin. The antimicrobial agent can be timely released from the hydrogel within an hour, which is less than the time taken by bacteria to infest an injury, with a cumulative release rate of approximately 80%, and thus enables a relatively fast bactericidal effect. The cytotoxicity investigation demonstrates the biocompatibility of the ADM hydrogel. Dynamic coagulation experiments reveal accelerated blood coagulation by the hydrogel. In vivo antibacterial and hemostatic experiments on a rat model indicate the healing of infected tissue and effective control of hemorrhaging by the hydrogel. Therefore, the vancomycin-loaded ADM hydrogel will be a viable biomaterial for controlling hemorrhage and preventing bacterial infections in trauma patients.

Construction of antibacterial nano-silver embedded bioactive hydrogel to repair infectious skin defects

“…Thus, cell-free extracellular matrix biomaterials can integrate into regenerative tissues without degrading or requiring removal [19,20]. Moreover, our previous study demonstrated that the skin extracellular matrix can promote skin healing [14].…”

“…In addition, hydrogel synthesis typically requires toxic crosslinking agents such as acrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and glutaraldehyde, which may be cytotoxic and are not easily neutralized/eliminated in vivo [8,9,13]. To overcome these limitations, many researchers have developed biological drug carriers [14]. Reportedly, extracellular matrix materials (ECMs) exhibit good biocompatibility, can simulate the original cellular microenvironment, provide chemical and mechanical signals, guide cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and promote the repair and regeneration of homologous tissues [11,15].…”

Functional Characterization, Antimicrobial Effects, and Potential Antibacterial Mechanisms of NpHM4, a Derived Peptide of Nautilus pompilius Hemocyanin

“…The cytotoxicity of Np HM4 to HEK293 cells was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, K1018, APE×BIO, Technology LLC, Houston, TX, USA). As previously described [ 61 ], 6 × 10 4 cells were seeded into the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Then, the supernatant medium was removed from each well, and 100 μL graded concentrations of DMEM containing Np HM4 were added (15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 μM, n = 3 for each concentration). The HEK293 cells cultured with DMEM (0 μM Np HM4) constituted the control group.…”

Scaffolds in the microbial resistant era: Fabrication, materials, properties and tissue engineering applications

“…A biocompatible porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel blended with vancomycin has been developed for hemorrhage control, antibacterial action, and tissue repair in infected trauma wounds [ 276 ]. A patterned microstructural nanofibrous mats/gentamicin-loaded hydrogel composite scaffold has recently been proposed for skin tissue engineering [ 277 ].…”