Construction of fatherhood in late socialism: the experiences of Lithuanian men

Mikulionienė, Sarmitė; Kanopienė, Vida

doi:10.1080/03906701.2015.1078530

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the early 20th century, prior to Soviet occupation, equal pay, longer maternity leave, and state support for housework were mooted although none became law. Equality in employment was a central tenet of Soviet socialism and all adult citizens were required to work (Jurėnienė, 2008; Lafont, 2001; Mikulioniene & Kanopiene, 2015). However, the requirement to work coupled with the ideological condemnation of unemployed women (including housewives) did not lead to true equity due to the persistence of horizontal and vertical segregation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Soviet era brought “equality” gains in that all people had to work and, as mentioned above, it was not possible to support a family on a single wage. Hence, in Lithuania during the Soviet years both parents carried a heavy workload outside the home (Mikulioniene & Kanopiene, 2015). However, while this “equality” existed, the system of patriarchy operating under the Soviet regime prevented any tangible improvements in the position of women as women's movements were strongly discouraged or banned (Bingham, 2017, Žilinskienė, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender inequality in an “Equal” environment

Caven

Astor

Urbanavičienė

2021

Gender Work & Organization

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Lithuania, as a part of the former Soviet Union, has a long‐standing history of perceived equality for women in the workplace. Women played an equal role in economic production as it was a constitutional expectation that all citizens had both a right and an obligation to work. Consequently, at the time of independence in 1990 the levels of participation of women in the workplace including at managerial and professional levels were much higher than other western European countries. In architecture, women achieved parity in terms of numbers, but this equality did not transfer into all aspects of economic activity. Drawing on qualitative survey and interview data from 31 Lithuanian women architects, our findings show, despite the historical emphasis on equality, the existence of a “critical mass” of women in the profession and the adoption of EU gender equality policy, the position of women remains poor with clear evidence of sex discrimination, harassment, and lack of opportunities for career advancement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%