Construction of effective symmetrical air-cooled system for battery thermal management

Chen, Kai; Chen, Yiming; She, Yiqi; Song, Mengxuan; Wang, Shuangfeng; Chen, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114679

Cited by 167 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Air cooled system based BTMS is numerically analyzed for asymmetrical and symmetrical arrangements of batteries with different spacings between them [18]. Modified air flow path like wedge shaped runner is also used and their structure is optimized [19].…”

Section: Air Cooled Btmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

Mokashi

Afzal

Khan

et al. 2021

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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In this article, analysis of average Nusselt number (Nu avg), which indicates the heat removal from the battery pack cooled by flowing fluid is carried out considering coupled heat transfer condition at the pack and coolant interface. Five categories of coolant, mainly gases, common oils, thermal oils, nanofluids, and liquid metals, are selected. In each coolant category, five fluids (having different Prandtl number Pr) are selected and passed over the Li-ion battery pack. The analysis is made for different conductivity ratio (Cr), heat generation term (Q gen), Reynolds number (Re), and Pr. Pr varying in the range 0.0208-511.5 (25 coolants) and Cr for each category of coolant having its own upper and lower limit are used to analyze the heat removed from the battery pack. Using single feed-forward network and integrating two feed-forward networks having multi-layers with backpropagation is employed for artificial neural network (ANN) modelling. In this modelling, the concept of the main network and space network is devised for multiple back propagation (MBP). The numerical analysis revealed that the temperature distribution in battery and fluid is greatly affected by increasing Cr. The maximum temperature located close to the upper edge of battery is found to get reduced significantly with the increase of Cr, but upto a certain limit above which reduction is marginal. The analysis carried out reveals that Cr and Q gen have no role in improving Nu avg while Pr and Re vary it significantly in each step. Moreover, Nu avg is found to increase with Re continuously irrespective of any Cr and Q gen. While, for oils with an increase in Pr and Re, Nu avg was found to reduce significantly. Nanofluids are found to be more effective in improving heat transfer from the battery pack when cooled by flowing nano-coolants over it. The MBP networks proposed are successfully trained, and hence they can be used for prediction of Nu avg .

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Section: Air Cooled Btmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

Mokashi

Afzal

Khan

et al. 2021

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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“…Table lists the performance of the PMCPs. In the PMCP, T max and Δ T max are, respectively, influenced by the minimum flow rate and flow rate distribution in the parallel channels . We can observe from Figure that after the symmetrical construction, the flow rates of the parallel channels is more uniform, and the minimum mass flow rate is larger, leading to lower T max and smaller Δ T max , as listed in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Multi‐parameter structure design of parallel mini‐channel cold plate for battery thermal management

Chen

Song

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Battery thermal management system is critical to ensure the temperature of the battery pack in electric vehicles within a suitable range. In this study, the battery pack is cooled by the parallel mini‐channel cold plate (PMCP). The performance of the PMCPs with I‐type (PMCP I), Z‐type (PMCP Z), and U‐type flows (PMCP U) are studied using numerical method. Then, the edge width and convergence channel width of the three systems are designed. The cooling performance of the PMCPs is effectively improved after the structure design. Subsequently, the symmetrical system is constructed based on each PMCP. The numerical results show that the symmetrical systems achieve lower maximum temperature, smaller maximum temperature difference, and lower energy consumption. Among the three systems, the performance of the symmetrical PMCPs I and Z is similar and better than that of the symmetrical PMCP U. Finally, the dimensionless analysis is performed to explore the influences of various parameters on the final designed cold plate. The results indicate that the inlet cooling water temperature and heat flux density applied to the cold plate do not affect the structure of the final designed system. Moreover, the designed systems have good performance under different mass flow rates. Highlights PMCPs with different flow patterns are applied in BTMS. Performance of PMCPs is improved through multi‐parameter structure design. The symmetrical systems are constructed for performance improvement. T0 and q0 do not affect the structure of the designed PMCP. ΔTmax and WP of designed PMCP are respectively reduced by at least 19% and 61%.

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“…While it is worthy to denote that large temperature gradient may still occur due to the low specific heat capacity and limited flow strength of air. 42…”

Section: Air-cooling Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, direct cooling may also bring some inherent problems, such as how to choose a safe, environmentally friendly high-performance refrigerant, and the cost and reliability issues caused by the addition of accessories. 42…”

Section: Direct Cooling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

et al. 2020

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The rapid growth of transportation demand has been enlarged strongly which has promoted electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries. However, the inconsistencies within the battery pack will deteriorate over the lifecycle and affect the performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, various thermal management systems and equalization systems have been applied in battery management system to deal with the inconsistencies, extend battery service life, and improve safety performance. This review summarizes the origination of inconsistency within lithium-ion batteries from production to usage process, and then introduces the classification methods and application scenarios of the balance management system in detail. Based on the circuit topology, equalization systems can be classified into passive and active topologies. Active topologies

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Construction of effective symmetrical air-cooled system for battery thermal management

Cited by 167 publications

References 25 publications

Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

Multi‐parameter structure design of parallel mini‐channel cold plate for battery thermal management

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

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