2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106738
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Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

Abstract: In this article, analysis of average Nusselt number (Nu avg), which indicates the heat removal from the battery pack cooled by flowing fluid is carried out considering coupled heat transfer condition at the pack and coolant interface. Five categories of coolant, mainly gases, common oils, thermal oils, nanofluids, and liquid metals, are selected. In each coolant category, five fluids (having different Prandtl number Pr) are selected and passed over the Li-ion battery pack. The analysis is made for different co… Show more

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Cited by 74 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…Normalized root mean square was used to check and evaluate the performance of the ANN [ 33 ]. Three inputs (L: load, S: speed, D: distance) were used to construct the ANN architecture for all the samples in which weight loss (w) was the output, and the hidden layer indicated that an interaction between the neurons was not visible [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Normalized root mean square was used to check and evaluate the performance of the ANN [ 33 ]. Three inputs (L: load, S: speed, D: distance) were used to construct the ANN architecture for all the samples in which weight loss (w) was the output, and the hidden layer indicated that an interaction between the neurons was not visible [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ANN used 520 experimental results, split into 3 segments: the training set (65% data), the test set (25% data), and the validation set (10% data). The importance of determining the best ANN architecture is critical because it has a significant impact on the results [50][51][52]. The optimisation of ANN variables is achieved by minimising the mean square error (MSE) after examining a large number of distinctly configured neural networks [53].…”
Section: Results Of Ann Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The actual behaviour of the battery is represented using this model and accurate results are obtained from it. The parameters are easily detectable in this model, and are made to compare with different types of battery manufacturers' data [99][100][101][102].…”
Section: Charge/discharge Rate and Soc Calculations Using Grey Box Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…GA was the first metaheuristic optimisation algorithm proposed by Holland et al in 1988 based on Darwin's principle of natural selection. GA is a suitable algorithm for the parameter's extraction of this model in terms of its complexity and the large number of its parameters [102][103][104][105]. GA imitates the process of biological evolution, including selection, crossover and mutation based on the principle that good individuals survive and breed good individuals [86].…”
Section: Parameter Extraction Of the Grey Box Modelling Using Bio-inspired Algorithmsmentioning
confidence: 99%