Construction of bienzyme biosensors based on combination of the one-step electrodeposition and covalent-coupled sol-gel process

Abstract

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOD) bienzyme biosensor was constructed byin-situ formation of the organic-inorganic biocomposite film based on the one-step electrodeposition and covalent-coupled sol-gel process. The electrodeposition was performed in the solution containing functional inorganic precursor possessing the epoxy groups, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane (GPTMS), a biopolymer chitosan (CS), HRP and GOD. The covalent-coupled sol-gel process was formed by self-hydrolysis and self-condensation of GPTMS, followed by in-situ covalent cross-linking of CS, HRP and GOD through covalent reaction between amino groups and epoxy groups. The developed bienzyme biosensor presented high stability in acidic solution owing to the covalent-coupled organic-inorganic hybridization. Compared with the non-hybrid HRP-GOD/CS/Au electrode, the bienzyme biosensor of HRP-GOD/GPTMS/CS/Au showed improved sensitivity and a wider linearrange for the determination of glucose. The linear response of the developed HRP-GOD/GPTMS/ CS/Au biosensor for the determination of glucose ranged from 1 to 351 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.3 μmol/L. chitosan, GPTMS, glucose, biosensor

Electrochemical Deposition of Sol–Gel Films

“…Especially, electrochemical deposition of silane-based sol-gel films is usually carried out under mild acidic aqueous solutions at pH 3-6. This has allowed the co-electrodeposition of silane with nanoparticles (Liu et al 2006;Li et al 2010;Toledano and Mandler 2010;Gdor and Mandler 2011), carbon nanotubes (Kanungo et al 2007;Wang et al 2012;Urbanová et al 2013;, metals (Toledano et al 2008;Wu et al 2012Wu et al , 2013bTehrani et al 2013), polymers (Gdor and Mandler 2011;Raveh et al 2013), enzymes (Nadzhafova et al 2007;Tian et al 2007;Li et al 2009b;Lei et al 2011;Mazurenko et al 2011;Wang et al 2011Wang et al , 2012Bon Saint Come et al 2013;Urbanová et al 2013), bacteria (Harrell et al 2004;Ghach et al 2013), etc. In general, the species that have been co-electrodeposited with sol-gel can be divided into three categories: electrochemically active materials, pH responsive materials, and inert materials.…”

“…Since electrodeposition of sol-gel films is driven by the local pH change on the electrode surface, it allows co-deposition with other pH responsive materials such as chitosan (Li et al 2009b(Li et al , 2013Lei et al 2011;Ghach et al 2013), cationic epoxy resin (Xue and van Ooij 2013), and cobalt ions . In this case, both sol-gel and pH responsive materials were indirectly electrodeposited.…”

“…Furthermore, the species that are co-electrodeposited may introduce enormous functionalities to the films leading to various applications. These include organic dyes (Deepa et al 2003;Shacham et al 2004a), nanoparticles (silica (Liu et al 2006), titania (Li et al 2010), gold (Toledano et al 2008) or polymer (Gdor and Mandler 2011)), carbon nanotubes (Kanungo et al 2007;Wang et al 2012;Urbanová et al 2013;, enzymes (Nadzhafova et al 2007;Tian et al 2007;Li et al 2009b;Lei et al 2011;Mazurenko et al 2011;Wang et al 2011Wang et al , 2012Bon Saint Come et al 2013;Urbanová et al 2013), bacteria (Harrell et al 2004;Ghach et al 2013), etc. Unlike electrochemically active or pH responsive materials, inert materials do not participate in the electrochemical processes but were co-electrodeposited due to their embedding with the sol-gel.…”

“…Glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phophate oxidase were used to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and xanthine oxidase was applied to detect hypoxanthine. Li et al (2009b) constructed bi-enzyme biosensors by one-step co-electrodeposition of GPTMS with chitosan, horseradish peroxidase, and glucose oxidase. They found that introducing GPTMS could improve the current response of the modified electrode to glucose.…”

Fabrication of amperometric bienzymatic glucose biosensor based on MWCNT tube and polypyrrole multilayered nanocomposite

“…The glucose biosensor, coimmobilized with HRP and GOx, based on gold nanoparticles encapsulated mesoporous silica SBA‐15 composite (AuNPs‐SBA‐15) has shown the detection limit of glucose of 0.5 μ M with a linear range from 1 to 48 μ M 20. Li et al have developed the bienzyme biosensor based on glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane (GPTMS)/chitosan (CS) which has shown a linear range of 1–351 μ M with a detection limit of 0.3 μ M 21. Jeykumari et al have coimmobilized HRP and GOx onto poly(toluidine blue O) and MWCNT‐modified Nafion and achieved a linear calibrations upto 1.4 × 10 −7 to 1.6 × 10 −3 M for glucose detection 22.…”