Constrained sintering: A delicate balance of scales

Simulation of sintering kinetics and microstructure evolution of composite solid oxide fuel cells electrodes

“…Our extensive experiments at USTC show that, for the thin-layer LSMeYSZ electrode co-sintered with anode supported or electrolyte supported substrate, the electrode shrinkage only occurs in the thickness direction, while the shrinkage in the two dimensions corresponding to electrode area is not observed. This may be caused by the biaxial tension by the electrolyte [38]. Therefore, the vacancy annihilation is performed only in the thickness direction.…”

Constrained sintering of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 electrolyte on anode substrate

“…Conversely, the stress of the pre-sintered half cell decreased when the temperature cooled [30,31]. The calculated stress developed according to profile II in the cell in temperature range of 1300e1400 C was only about 0.1 MPa, compared with that of 3.94 MPa of that according to profile I.…”

Preparation and influence of highly concentrated screen-printing inks on the development and characteristics of thick-film varistors

“…The samples were dried at 130 • C for 15 min. The obtained films were examined for printing defects on a confocal microscope (Axio CSM 700, Zeiss) and analyzed using a contact profilometer (Form Talysurf Series 2, Taylor-Hobson Ltd.) across different directions of the surface with a measuring length of 10 mm, based on to the characteristics of our films and the report of Green et al [20].…”