In this work, the effect of introducing tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia (TZ) particles in soft [Pb 0.98 (PZT) was investigated. Both microstructure and electrical properties of the PZT-xTZ (x = 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 vol%) composites were studied and correlated. The addition of zirconia hinders the matrix grain growth, resulting in smaller grains. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, zirconia containing composites have a higher rhombohedral-totetragonal phase ratio, in addition to lower dielectric and piezoelectric properties, in comparison to pure PZT. Electrical properties, in terms of strain-and polarization-electric field hysteresis curves, are presented and correlated with the observed phase compositions and microstructures. The extrinsic contribution to the piezoelectric properties in PZT and PZTxTZ was studied by measuring the frequency and the stress field amplitude dependences of the piezoelectric d 33 coefficient.
We have investigated the electromechanical response of potassium sodium niobate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3 or KNN) thick films. The high‐field strain hysteresis loops and weak‐field converse piezoelectric d33 coefficient of the films were measured and compared with those of KNN bulk ceramics under the same electric field conditions. The converse d33 values of the thick films and bulk ceramics were equal to 82.5 and 138 pm/V, respectively, at 0.4 kV/mm. The fundamental difference between the piezoelectric response of the KNN films and the ceramics was studied in terms of the effective (“clamped”) piezoelectric d33 coefficient. The reduction in the piezoelectric d33 coefficient of the KNN films, resulting from the clamping by the substrate, was compared to lead‐based ferroelectric thick films, including Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) and (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−xPbTiO3 (PMN‐PT). We propose a possible explanation, based on the particular elastic properties of KNN, for the small relative difference observed between the “clamped” and “unclamped” (“bulk”) d33 of KNN, in comparison with lead‐based systems.
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