Constrained consumption shifting management in the distributed energy resources scheduling considering demand response

Abstract

a b s t r a c tDemand response concept has been gaining increasing importance while the success of several recent implementations makes this resource benefits unquestionable. This happens in a power systems operation environment that also considers an intensive use of distributed generation. However, more adequate approaches and models are needed in order to address the small size consumers and producers aggregation, while taking into account these resources goals. The present paper focuses on the demand response programs and distributed generation resources management by a Virtual Power Player that optimally aims to minimize its operation costs taking the consumption shifting constraints into account. The impact of the consumption shifting in the distributed generation resources schedule is also considered. The methodology is applied to three scenarios based on 218 consumers and 4 types of distributed generation, in a time frame of 96 periods.

Stochastic energy procurement of large electricity consumer considering photovoltaic, wind-turbine, micro-turbines, energy storage system in the presence of demand response program

“…1. The operation cost of MTs is expressed as (5). Also, the constraints (6)-(11) are related to the technical constrains.…”

“…Also, the energy storage system is integrated with hybrid wind and PV systems [3,4]. Moreover, the consumers can participate in the demand response program [5,6] to reduce their total energy procurement cost.…”

A bi-level integrated generation-transmission planning model incorporating the impacts of demand response by operation simulation

“…More importantly, DR is essentially a concept at the operation level rather than the planning level [21]. That is why more researches and models incorporating DR are in the area of operation issues, such as unit commitment and distributed dispatch [15,[22][23][24][25][26]. When it comes to planning issues considering DR, existing researches often focus on the effect of DR on reducing peak load [17,18].…”

“…It is also known as dispatchable DR, which indicates IBDR can be dispatched like generation units [21]. A number of studies have been carried out to incorporate IBDR in UC models or economic dispatch models [22][23][24][25][26]. In terms of effects, IBDR consists of load curtailment and load shifting [28].…”

An Aggregation Model for Energy Resources Management and Market Negotiations

“…The customers who can execute DR programs would be able to establish contract with aggregator in three programs: load shifting, load reduction, and load curtailment. The load shifting model has been adapted from [19], and in this aggregation model it is considered as a free DR program. Load reduction and curtailment are the programs that aggregator takes them into account for scheduling and participating in the market.…”