Considerations for Establishing and Managing Silvopastures

Fike, John H.; Buergler, Alicia Lenore; Burger, James A.; Kallenbach, Robert L.

doi:10.1094/fg-2004-1209-01-rv

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Sward architecture influences the bite size, bite rate, grazing time and herbage selection of growing livestock and differs between lambs and calves (Hodgson, 1981(Hodgson, , 1990. Cattle, sheep and goats might be appropriate for use in controlling a wide range of herbaceous and woody vegetation when preparing a silvopasture site (Neel and Belesky, 2003;Fike et al, 2004), but once established, cattle and sheep could graze silvopasture. Rotational stocking with a relatively Figure 5 Tiller production over time based on exponential smoothing models of tiller counts at the beginning and end of growing seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiller production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing along a light gradient

Belesky¹,

Burner

Ruckle³

2011

Grass and Forage Science

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Pasture managers seek to balance leaf appearance with utilization to sustain sward productivity while meeting livestock nutritional needs. Achieving this in silvopasture must account for the influence of light and defoliation on tillering. We determined tiller production, as a function of light availability and clipping height, for two forage grasses adapted to cool, humid temperate conditions of the Appalachian region of the USA. Tiller production of cocksfoot (orchard grass) (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was greatest in unshaded and least in shaded sites, irrespective of residual clipping height. Juvenile plants produced more than twice as many tillers as mature plants, with differences accentuated by site, reflecting a shift in reproductive and resource-use strategies. Trends in tiller production were as follows: cocksfoot > tall fescue; 10-cm > 5-cm residual clipping height; and unshaded > partially shaded > densely shaded sites. Tiller production reaches maximum earlier in the woodlot site, regardless of species or clipping height, than at the unshaded site. Plants at the wooded site extended leaves quickly, sustaining herbage production, but had less non-structural carbohydrate and fewer tillers. Cocksfoot, but not tall fescue, sustained leaf and tiller production in the shaded sites, suggesting that cocksfoot is suited for use in silvopasture in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiller production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing along a light gradient

Belesky¹,

Burner

Ruckle³

2011

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Tree presence in pastures has long been known to provide shade and shelter, and protect animals from heat stress and associated declines in animal performance (Gold et al 2000;Ittner et al 1951). Buffering of pasture microclimatic conditions by the presence of trees has been reported to increase gain, milk yield, and conception rates for cattle or sheep in warm environments (Fike et al 2004). Besides providing protection from direct solar radiation, trees create evaporative cooling which facilitates heat transfer from animals (Blackshaw and Blackshaw 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture

Karki

Goodman

2009

Agroforest Syst

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Shade present in silvopasture systems could reduce heat stress associated with microclimatic conditions that characterize warm-weather portions of the year on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast USA. Objectives of this research were to:(1) quantify diurnal distribution patterns of landscape use and behavior of cattle in loblolly-pine (Pinus taeda) silvopasture versus open-pasture landscapes, and (2) relate observed differences in landscape use and cattle behavior patterns between the two pastures to differences in microclimatic conditions, and forage quantity and quality. The research was conducted in Chipley, Florida USA within a 5-ha cell of a loblollypine-bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) silvopasture (tree age 20 year), and a 5-ha open bahiagrass pasture with unlimited access to an adjacent 1-ha wooded area. One-day observations of diurnal distribution and behavior of cattle were conducted in March, June, and September 2007; microclimatic conditions were measured, and forage quantity and quality were estimated within each landscape. Cattle utilized the landscape more evenly in the silvopasture versus the open-pasture and this difference was mainly attributed to reduced solar radiation recorded in the silvopasture. Grazing was the dominant behavior in the silvopasture while loafing was dominant in the open-pasture. Shade present in silvopasture appeared to reduce heat stress for cattle grazing during warmweather portions of the year on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast USA. Further study is needed to determine how this reduction in heat stress influences cattle performance in southern-pine silvopasture, and the nature and extent of the interactions among animal distribution and behavior, microclimatic conditions, and forage characteristics in these systems.

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“…Damage to trees occurs more easily when they are young as this is a critical phase. In addition, damage impairs the development of these individuals more than in trees that are already established and with enough size to withstand the negative impact caused by animals (Lehmkuhler et al, 2003;Fike et al, 2004).…”

Section: Vulnerabilidade De Mogno-africano à Predação Por Bovinos Em mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of African mahogany to cattle predation in a silvipastural system

Silva

Leonardo

Caldeira

2019

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the incidence and intensity of damages caused by cattle to African mahogany (Khaya grandifoliola) and this species vulnerability in the silvipastural system. The trees were planted in single lines, in a 20x2 m arrangement. In the third year, cattle were introduced in the area. Three classes of damage intensity were established: low, medium, and high. Damages to tree barks showed the highest incidence, followed by damages to wood. The species is vulnerable to bark chewing by cattle, with damages of medium and high intensities.

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Considerations for Establishing and Managing Silvopastures

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Tiller production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing along a light gradient

Tiller production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing along a light gradient

Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture

Vulnerability of African mahogany to cattle predation in a silvipastural system

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