Consequences of a Radiological Dispersal Event with Nuclear and Radioactive Sources

Magill, J.; Hamilton, Denise; Lützenkirchen, K.; Tufan, Mustafa Çağatay; Tamborini, Gloria; Wagner, W.; Berthou, V.; Zweidorf, A. von

doi:10.1080/08929880701609162

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…see Magill et al 2007.) Table 3 illustrates the results of running MAXMIN for various scenarios involving from zero to four interdicted tasks, and with a decision-and-expediting budget of either $380 million or $480 million for the proliferator.…”

Section: Application and Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Interoperability: Experimentation to Understand & Improve the Human Component of Complex Systems

Gallup¹,

Freeman²,

Murch³

et al. 2008

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A "proliferator" seeks to complete a first small batch of fission weapons as quickly as possible, while an "interdictor" wishes to delay that completion for as long as possible. We develop and solve a max-min model that identifies resource-limited interdiction actions that maximally delay completion time of the proliferator's weapons project, given that the proliferator will observe any such actions and adjust his plans to minimize that time. The model incorporates a detailed project-management (CPM) submodel, and standard optimization software solves the model in a few minutes on a personal computer. We exploit off-the-shelf project-management software to manage a database, control the optimization, and display results. Using a range of levels for interdiction effort, we analyze a published case study that models three, alternate, uranium-enrichment technologies. The task of "cascade loading" appears in all technologies and turns out to be an inherent fragility for the proliferator at all levels of interdiction effort. Such insights enable policymakers to quantify the effects of interdiction options at their disposal, be they diplomatic, economic, or military."From this session interdict, every fowl of tyrant wing." Shakespeare, The Phoenix and the Turtle

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Section: Application and Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Interoperability: Experimentation to Understand & Improve the Human Component of Complex Systems

Gallup¹,

Freeman²,

Murch³

et al. 2008

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“…It should be emphasized, as reported by many authors (e.g. [1,2]), that although the purpose behind the use of radiological dispersion devices (RDDs) is not to destroy a city or cause a high number of fatalities, they can have the major long-term effect of increasing cancer cases mainly related to the inhalation of radioactive particles [2,3]. To calculate the impact of RDDs on the population, the quantification of the release (total mass and activity) and its description (size distribution, chemical composition and isotopic composition) is necessary (a.k.a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aerosols from RDD surrogate compounds produced by fast thermal transients

Lemma

Colle

Ernstberger

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Experimental tests have been performed to characterize the aerosols representative of radiological dispersion devices (RDDs, a.k.a. "dirty bombs") by applying to chosen surrogate compound rapid high temperature transients, vaporizing the sample and forming aerosols mainly by rapid cooling of the vapour. The materials, which were tested in their non-radioactive form, had been chosen from the radioactive sources widely used in industries and nuclear medicine applications, Co, CsCl, Ir and SrTiO 3 . Our analyses permitted the characterization of the inhalable fraction of the aerosols released, and the study of the influence of cladding materials on the aerosol release and on its characteristics.

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“…A radiological dispersal device (RDD) is one of many conceivable ways in which radioactive material could be maliciously dispersed and exposed to the general public [6]. An explosive RDD, colloquially referred to as a "dirty bomb", spreads radioactive material through detonation of a chemical explosive charge [8]. Various hypothetical scenarios have been conceived for such an attack [3,9], which typically assume a commercial or industrial radioactive source and up to several kilograms of conventional explosive (e.g., trinitrotoluene, TNT) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An explosive RDD, colloquially referred to as a "dirty bomb", spreads radioactive material through detonation of a chemical explosive charge [8]. Various hypothetical scenarios have been conceived for such an attack [3,9], which typically assume a commercial or industrial radioactive source and up to several kilograms of conventional explosive (e.g., trinitrotoluene, TNT) [8]. Even if the direct health effects from radiation exposure will be minimal, the costs associated with the potential disruption and remediation will be considerable [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Physics-Based Models of a Radionuclide Dispersal Device

Hummel

Ivan

2019

CNL Nuclear Review

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A “dirty bomb” is a type of hypothetical radiological dispersal device (RDD) that has been the subject of significant safety and security concerns given the disruption that would result in a postulated terrorist attack. Reliable and accurate predictions of dispersion of radiological material from an RDD are absolutely necessary for first responders and emergency decision makers to plan effective response strategies. Development of high-fidelity, mechanistic models of a dirty bomb are complicated because dispersion over areas with the greatest risk of contamination is highly sensitive to the source of contaminant particles, and this source term is governed by processes over much smaller temporal and spatial length scales than the dispersion. New work on accelerating high-fidelity models of RDDs has been initiated that looks to incorporate the multiscale aspects of the problem and enhance predictive capabilities that may assist in anti-terrorism activities.

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Consequences of a Radiological Dispersal Event with Nuclear and Radioactive Sources

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Human Interoperability: Experimentation to Understand & Improve the Human Component of Complex Systems

Human Interoperability: Experimentation to Understand & Improve the Human Component of Complex Systems

Characterization of aerosols from RDD surrogate compounds produced by fast thermal transients

Challenges for Physics-Based Models of a Radionuclide Dispersal Device

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