Consequence assessment of indoor dispersion of sarin—A hypothetical scenario

Endregard, Monica; Reif, Bjørn Anders Pettersson; Vik, Thomas; Busmundrud, Odd

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.041

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several studies related to indoor deposition and desorption processes of nerve agents were conducted. − Theoretical models were developed that enabled the study of the dependence of both deposition and desorption rates of nerve agents on the indoor concentration. , The change in the concentration of sarin over time affected by the desorption and adsorption rates of different materials in a building or room was estimated. It was shown, for example, that concrete material without painting has a high deposition rate and low equilibrium concentration, which means that desorption does not occur until the indoor concentration is low.…”

Section: Agent Fate and Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No deposition of sarin was observed on alkyd or acrylate paints or on plastic carpet. This can be rationalized by the low porosity of these materials. , Using concentration profiles versus time, a hypothetical scenario of indoor release of sarin was developed . A sorption model involving sorption rate parameters was also determined for nerve agent simulants such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP), and triethyl phosphate (TEP) …”

Section: Agent Fate and Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

et al. 2011

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Section: Agent Fate and Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agent Fate and Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

et al. 2011

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“…How many severely exposed nerve-agent-exposed patients (ie, patients needing at least 6 mg of atropine each) could you treat in your emergency department before needing additional atropine either from CHEMPACK or from the DSNS? dO 26.0 (23) -·Because a few respondents skipped these questions, total numbers of recipients per question may be less than the number who took the survey. I do not anticipate using resources outside my ED.…”

Section: How Does Your Ed Plan To Use Chempackldsns In a Mass Casualtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparedness for the evaluation and management of mass casualty incidents involving anticholinesterase compounds: A survey of emergency department directors in the 12 largest cities in the United States

Madsen¹,

Greenberg²

2010

Am J Disaster Med

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Objectives: Anticholinesterases include carbamate and organophosphorus (OP) insecticides and nerve agents. Release of these compounds can flood emergency departments (EDs) with large numbers of poisoned victims and worried individuals. It was hypothesized that despite the focus of disaster preparedness on large metropolitan areas, EDs in these cities would still report self-perceptions of deficiencies in preparedness for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) involving these chemicals.Design and setting: A secure and anonymous online survey was prepared and piloted, and E-mail invitations were sent to the physician directors of the 220 continuously staffed EDs in the 12 most populous incorporated cities in the United States.Results: Forty-six ED directors could not be contacted despite repeated attempts. Of the remaining 174 directors, eight declined and 89 took the survey, for a response rate of 51.1 percent. Fewer than 20 percent were very confident in the effectiveness of their training, and only 4.9 percent were very confident that drills had given them the preparation that they needed. Only 45.7 percent of reporting hospitals had a board-certified medical toxicologist to help in such an emergency. Almost two-thirds (73.6 percent) of those familiar with the online Radiation Event Medical Management (REMM) module from the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health thought that a chemical counterpart to REMM would be either moderately or very helpful for MCIs involving anticholinesterases.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physician ED directors perceived marked deficiencies in their abilities to respond to this kind of toxicological emergency and suggests critical directions for remediation of these deficiencies.

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“…The sudden release of the hazardous substances, such as toxic gases, may lead to disastrous results. 1–4 When a hazardous substance is suddenly released, an initial contaminant field with a specific nonuniform distribution will be formed. 5,6 Rapid prediction of the concentration variation based on the initial condition is helpful for the rapid assessment of the risk owing to the exposure, and for timely decision-making for the necessity of emergency ventilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid prediction of the transient effect of the initial contaminant condition using a limited number of sensors

Shao

Wang

2018

Indoor and Built Environment

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Rapid prediction of a transient rise in a contaminant concentration attributed to a sudden release of a contaminant is crucial for decision-making in relation to deployment of emergency ventilation. The superposition theorem for a fixed flow field is an alternative approach that has been used to accomplish fast prediction. In this study, the accuracy of a superposition method was investigated based on a novel method to obtain the initial condition using a limited number of sensors. Sensors were placed at the centre of each divided zone to record the initial zonal concentration, and the prediction was performed in accordance to an algebraic expression that uses the measured concentrations and the index of transient accessibility of the sub-initial condition (TASIC) as inputs. The analysis of these numerical cases has led to the following conclusions: (1) the prediction accuracy is improved when the prediction time is longer, and when there are more zones and less nonuniformity for the sub-initial conditions, (2) the relative prediction deviations are larger when the initial condition is measured using sensors rather than those elicited based on the predicted initial conditions, and (3) the use of eight sensors is appropriate for the studied case in accordance to sensor cost and accuracy. The method is helpful for fast decision-making when the initial conditions are unpredictable.

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Consequence assessment of indoor dispersion of sarin—A hypothetical scenario

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

Preparedness for the evaluation and management of mass casualty incidents involving anticholinesterase compounds: A survey of emergency department directors in the 12 largest cities in the United States

Rapid prediction of the transient effect of the initial contaminant condition using a limited number of sensors

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