Conjunctival impression cytology in dogs

Bolzan, Aline Adriana; Brunelli, Adriana Torrecilhas Jorge; Castro, Márcio Botelho de; Souza, Marcos Alexandre de; Souza, José L; Laus, José Luiz

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.00414.x

Cited by 35 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…This could be the consequence of the brush's bigger contact surface when compared to the swab during sample collection. Various types of lymphoid cells were found in the conjunctival cytology, however, some authors indicated that, in animals with no clinical signs of conjunctivitis, little emphasis should be given to this cellular type (Bolzan et al 2005). The presence of intact erythrocytes in samples collected through exfoliation with the brush, suggests that micro vascular lesions could have occurred, but without immediate or late clinical changes as we didn't observe any macroscopic conjunctival trauma or blood on the brush following sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Oriá

Gomes²,

Arraes

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Produção lacrimal, pressão intraocular, microbiota, citologia e histologia conjuntival de coelhos Nova Zelândia.] O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer valores de referência para testes diagnósticos oftálmicos em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 22 coelhos, machos, adultos foram utilizados. Foi mensurada a produção lacrimal através do teste lacrimal de Shirmer 1 (TLS1) e da Tira endodôntica de papel absorvente (EA-PPTT) de duas marcas comerciais distintas. The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A total of 22 adult male rabbits were used. The ophthalmic tests included evaluation of tear production with Schirmer tear test 1(STT1) and Endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) using two different commercial brand materials. Applanation tonometry, Culture of the conjunctival bacterial flora, , conjunctival cytology and conjunctival histology were also performed. Mean (±SD) for STT1, EAPPTTa, EAPPTTb and IOP was 7.27±2.51mm/min, 12.43±1.69mm/min, 15.24±2.07mm/min, 12.89±2.80mm Hg, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were predominant. The cytological evaluation revealed the presence columnar epithelial cells, superficial squamous keratinized cells, lymphocytes, heterophils, red blood cells, mucus and bacteria. The histological analysis revealed a stratified epithelium, characterized by the presence of columnar epithelial cells with a large number of goblet cells. The reported data can be used for therapeutic or experimental purposes.INDEX TERMS: Tear production, intraocular pressure, conjunctival microbiota, New Zealand rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, lagomorphs, ophthalmology, Schirmer tear test, tonometry, endodontic paper point. Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) histologia revelou epitélio estratificado caracterizado pela presença de células epiteliais colunares com grande núme-ro de células caliciformes. Os achados deste estudo poderão ser utilizados com fins terapêuticos ou experimentais.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Oriá

Gomes²,

Arraes

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…These methods should supply material in adequate amounts for assessment, preserve morphologic integrity and not be uncomfortable or painful to the animal. Additional requirements are operational simplicity and minimum induced-trauma (Bolzan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Sampling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique involves conjunctival scraping performed gently with a flat, round-tipped spatula so as not to abrade surface cells that may be diagnostically important (Young, 2014). Conjunctival scrapings are best performed using a Kimura platinum spatula or alternatively, the blunt end of a scalpel blade (the edge closest to the scalpel blade handle) (Bauer et al, 1996;Willis et al, 1997;Bolzan et al, 2005). Swift scraping movements in the same direction until a small drop of fluid accumulates on the edge of the instrument, will harvest enough cellular material for assessment (Fig.…”

Section: Spatulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival cytology assessment in dogs and cats. Sampling, diagnostic techniques and findings

Athanasiou¹,

Psemmas²,

Papaioannou³

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT.The conjunctiva provides a physical and physiological barrier against microorganisms and foreign bodies and also contributes to the ocular immunological defense. It constitutes a straightforward and accessible tissue for sampling and examination. Sampling indications include: changes in color, surface irregularities, thickening, or masses, ocular discharge and the identification of infectious organisms. Samples for conjunctival evaluation may be collected with exfoliative or abrasive techniques, aspiration, impression and conjunctival biopsy. The most commonly used and clinically useful laboratory methods for the assessment of conjunctival specimens are: microscopic examination of cytological preparations, culture and susceptibility testing, live virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, direct immunofluorescent antigen test and histopathological examination for snip biopsies. Findings like inflammatory or neoplastic cells, cellular alterations, inclusion bodies and microorganisms, offer valuable information not only for localized ocular disorders, but for systemic diseases as well.

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“…The cytology is involved in the conditions such as chronic or severe ocular surface inflammation and/or abscesses, ocular surface diseases that do not respond to therapy, progressive or deep melting corneal ulcers and proliferative masses of the cornea, conjunctiva and nictitating membrane. Samples for cytological examinations can be collected from ocular surface by scraping (swabs or cytobrush) and impression smears (7,9,10,17,20,35). It has been reported that the nylonbristled cytobrush is used to obtain the best diagnostic sample (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of brush cytology (cytospin technique) and cultural results in the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis in a goat herd

Çakir¹,

Gümüşsoy²,

Kutsal³

et al. 2014

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:In this study, cytological examination of smears prepared with cytospin and bacteriological isolation from the samples taken with cytobrush from corneal surface of goats with keratoconjunctivitis were evaluated. An outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, which is particularly affecting kids, was determined in a herd of Saanen goats consisting of 200 animals (120 kids and 80 goats) that located in Bursa province between 2011 and 2012. One hundred and twenty kids were affected severely in this occurrence whereas approximately 10% of the mothers were affected. In clinical examinations, lacrimation and mucopurulent ocular discharge were observed in the kids. In the advanced stages of the illness, the most remarkable lesion was severe corneal edema, which is characterized by opacity and vascularizaton. Although the clinical signs started to appear solely in one eye, both eyes of all the kids were, generally, become affected whereas the mothers had unilateral ocular lesions. The mortality rate in kids reached up to 20% even though they received treatment. All of the infected mothers recovered after treatment. Ocular brush samples were randomly taken from 30 kids for cytological and microbiological examinations.Conjunctival brush samples were examined with cytospin technique to determine whether cellular features can be utilized for cytodiagnosis. The epithelial cells collected with cytobrush were deposited onto poly-L-lysine coated slide glasses by cytocentrifuge. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). All of the brush samples were cultivated at 37 °C under aerobic conditions for microbiological investigations. The suspicious colonies were selected and subcultured for phenotypical tests. The susceptibility of isolates to the antibiotics was determined via disc diffusion method. In cytological examinations, the commonly encountered cell types in eyes with keratoconjunctivitis were neutrophils with or without bacteria located intracellularly as well as eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. Extracellular bacterial clusters were also observed in some cases. Brush cytology samples taken from eyes with corneal ulcers showed significant reactive cellular changes. The most common bacteria isolated and identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with the rates of 61.11, 50 and 47.22% respectively. All isolated strains had different susceptibility to various antibiotics. Seventy of 120 treated kids recovered within a week but the disease recurred in some of them (n=40). As a result, microbial culture and cytospin preparation of ocular surface samples can contribute for identification of keratoconjunctivitis. This is the first report with regard to the occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis in Saanen goats. Moreover, this study is of importance because cytospin technique can be used to aid in the rapid diagnosis and follow up surveillance of the ocular diseases.

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Conjunctival impression cytology in dogs

Abstract: Feasibility of impression cytology for sampling the bulbar conjunctiva of the dog and the standardization the the proposed protocol was shown. The results allowed the recognition the the normal cytologic pattern of healthy conjunctivas in dogs.

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Conjunctival cytology assessment in dogs and cats. Sampling, diagnostic techniques and findings

Evaluation of brush cytology (cytospin technique) and cultural results in the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis in a goat herd

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