Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

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Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Applications

“…Specifically, in the turn-on assay, the Q-S complex consists of a cationic peptide (the enzyme substrate) labeled with p-nitroanilide (p-NA, the quencher). The p-NA moiety is a strong fluorescence quencher for the anionic CPE PPE-SO 3 , and the positive charge anchors the peptide to the polymer by electrostatic interactions. Because of this interaction, the p- NA-peptide conjugate quenches the fluorescence from PPE-SO 3 efficiently (K SV % 10 6 -10 7 m À1 ).…”

“…The reader is encouraged to consult other authoritative reviews for different perspectives on the field. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] …”

Organic electrochemical light emitting field effect transistors

“…These materials combine the optical and electronic qualities of conjugated polymers with the properties of polyelectrolytes can be modified by electrostatic interactions. [15][16][17] Conjugated polyelectrolyte composites have also recently attracted much attention as charge injection/transport layers in organic optoelectronic devices. [18][19][20][21] One significant practical aspect is that they can be used to fabricate multilayer devices by spin coating techniques.…”

Efficient Quenching of a Guanidinium-Containing Fluorescence Sensor

“…[16][17][18][19] CPE sensors studied to date have been based on side-chain polyelectrolytes, in which the ionisable groups are typically attached to alkoxy side-chains and hence are physically isolated from the conjugated backbone. [14,20] This approach has the advantage of enabling a wide palette of existing conjugated polymers to be derivatised with ionic groups but results in poor electronic connectivity between the p-electron system and the complexation site, potentially reducing the quenching effect (especially at low quencher concentrations). Subsequent attempts to develop improved fluorescence sensors have involved perturbing the electron density along the conjugated chain by introducing electron-donating [21] or electron-withdrawing [22] substituents.…”

“…The inclusion of such groups can enhance electron/energy transfer to a complexed electron-deficient quencher, but their chemical incorporation into the sensor typically requires multistep synthetic routes that significantly limit the scope for further functionalisation of the sensors. [13,14] There are potential advantages, in terms of faster electron or energy transfer and improved sensitivity, to incorporating the quenching unit directly into the p system itself but, surprisingly, such an approach does not appear to have been reported in the literature due perhaps to the level of synthetic challenge involved. Herein we report proof-of-principle investigations into a novel small molecule sensor PE-1 (Figure 1), in which a guanidinium unit is incorporated into the conjugated backbone to impart both water solubility and molecular recognition properties, whilst also maximising electronic connectivity between the fluorophore and a complexed quencher molecule.…”