Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health

Whigham, Leah D.; Cook, Mark E.; Atkinson, Richard L.

doi:10.1006/phrs.2000.0735

Cited by 244 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Atualmente tem se dado bastante importância ao ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA, C18:c9,t11) (Tabela 7), em função principalmente de suas propriedades anticancerígenas e anticarcinogênicas e por ser encontrado unicamente em produtos de origem animal (leite e carne), não sendo produzido no organismo humano (Whigham et al, 2000). Entretanto, os teores deste ácido graxo no músculo foram bastante baixos (Tabela 7).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos de corte de quatro grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

et al. 2011

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RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de animais puros das raças Tabapuã, Bonsmara e mestiços ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nelore e mestiços ½ Bonsmara + ¼ Red Angus + ¼ Nelore. Foram utilizados cinco bovinos castrados de cada grupo genético, com idade média de 22 meses e peso vivo de 394±21 kg ao início do experimento. A dieta, para todos os animais, continha silagem de cana-de-açúcar e ração comercial na proporção de 55% e 45% (base seca), respectivamente, com 14,99% de proteína bruta (PB) e 59,84% de nutrientes totais digestíveis (NDT). Ao abate, não foram observadas diferenças no peso de carcaça fria nem nos pesos e percentuais dos cortes comerciais (traseiro, costilhar e dianteiro) entre os grupos genéticos. Os animais puros Bonsmara apresentaram maior área de olho-de-lombo, maior percentual de músculo e menor percentual de gordura na carcaça. Nos animais mestiços ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nelore, a espessura de gordura de cobertura (EGC) foi maior que os Bonsmara e Tabapuã, porém todos os grupos genéticos apresentaram EGC acima do mínimo (3 mm) exigido pelos frigoríficos. Não foi observada diferença na composição centesimal da carne entre os grupos genéticos. A carne dos animais Bonsmara e mestiços ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nelore e ½ Bonsmara + ¼ Red Angus + ¼ Nelore foi mais macia que a dos animais Tabapuã. O perfil de ácidos graxos no músculo longissimus dorsi não diferiu entre os grupos genéticos estudados. A carne dos animais Bonsmara e mestiços ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nelore e ½ Bonsmara + ¼ Red Angus + ¼ Nelore apresentou melhor qualidade se comparada à dos Tabapuã.Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos, Bonsmara, cruzamento, gordura, maciez, Tabapuã Carcass characteristics and meat quality of four genetics groups of beef cattle finished in feedlot ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass traits and meat quality of Tabapuã and Bonsmara purebred steers, and crossbred ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nellore and ½ Bonsmara + ¼ Red Angus + ¼ Nellore steers. Five animals were used in each genetic group. The average age and weight at the beginning of the experiment were 22 months and 394±21 kg. All animals received the same diet, which was composed of sugar cane silage and a commercial ration, in a ratio of 55 and 45% (dry matter basis), respectively, with 14.99 crude protein and 59.84% total digestible nutrients. There were no differences between the genetic groups for cold carcass weight or percentages of commercial cuts (forequarter, hindquarter and sidequarter) at slaughter.Bonsmara steers presented the greatest ribeye area and percentage of muscle, and the lowest percentage of fat in the carcass.Crossbred ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nellore animals presented greater back fat thickness (BFT) than Bonsmara and Tabapuã animals;however, all genetic groups presented BFT greater than the minimum (3 mm) required by the meat industry. There was no difference in the meat centesimal composition between genetic groups. Meat from Bonsmara, ½ Bonsmara + ½ Nellore and ½ Bonsmara + ¼ Red Angus + ¼ Nel...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos de corte de quatro grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

et al. 2011

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“…Intermediates in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid include conjugated linoleic acids (CLA, mainly cis-9,trans-11-18:2) (Figure 3). Dietary CLA are believed to confer potential health benefits in humans, including cancer prevention, decreased atherosclerosis, improved immune response and altered protein/energy metabolism (Kritchevsky, 2000;Whigham et al, 2000). CLA are present at higher concentrations in ruminant products than in corresponding meats from non-ruminants or in vegetable oils (Chin et al, 1992).…”

Section: Biohydrogenation In the Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Wallace¹

2008

Animal

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Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-encoding gene sequences from gut microbial ecosystems reveals bewildering genetic diversity. Some metabolic functions, such as glucose utilisation, are fairly widespread throughout the genetic spectrum. Others, however, are not. Despite so many phylotypes being present, single species or perhaps only two or three species often carry out key functions. Among ruminal bacteria, only three species can break down highly structured cellulose, despite the prevalence and importance of cellulose in ruminant diets, and one of those species, Fibrobacter succinogenes, is distantly related to the most abundant ruminal species. Fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen, particularly the final step of biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, stearate formation, is achieved only by a small sub-group of bacteria related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Individuals who lack Oxalobacter formigenes fail to metabolise oxalate and suffer kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate. Perhaps the most celebrated example of the difference a single species can make is the 'mimosine story' in ruminants. Mimosine is a toxic amino acid found in the leguminous plant, Leucaena leucocephala. Mimosine can cause thyroid problems by being converted to the goitrogen, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone, in the rumen. Observations that mimosine-containing plants were toxic to ruminants in some countries but not others led to the discovery of Synergistes jonesii, which metabolises 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone and protects animals from toxicity. Thus, despite the complexities indicated by molecular microbial ecology and genomics, it should never be forgotten that gut communities contain important metabolic niches inhabited by species with highly specific metabolic capability.

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“…This interest has stemmed precisely because of the presence of isomers of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) cis-9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12, which have demonstrated beneficial biological effects confirmed in human nutrition, e.g. prevention of certain types of cancer, reduction of atherosclerosis, increase in immune response and assistance in human development (Whigham et al, 2000;Pariza, 2004;Palmquist et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

et al. 2013

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of different sources of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids in diets for dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation on the milk fatty acid profile and composition of the protein fraction. Thirty-six Holstein cows were divided into three groups, fed the following diets: control (C); soybean oil (SO); and calcium salts of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (CS). The milk samples utilized for analysis were obtained weekly from parturition to twelve weeks of lactation; each one of the samples originated from two daily milkings. Milk composition and total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and non-casein nitrogen levels were analyzed. The cows receiving the diet with calcium salts had lower concentrations of non-protein nitrogen (%CP) in milk compared with the animals fed the diet with soybean oil. There was a decrease in concentration of medium-chain fatty acids C12-C16, and a concomitant increase in concentrations of long-chain fatty acids >C18 in milk fat for the animals fed the diets CS and SO when compared with diet C. Soybean oil and CS diets increased milk-fat concentrations of the acids C18: 1 trans-11, C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18: 2 trans-10 cis-12 in relation to diet C. The utilization of sources of long-chain fatty acids in the diet of dairy cows increases the biological value of milk in early lactation due to higher concentrations of specific fatty acids such as CLA C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11.

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Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health

Cited by 244 publications

References 52 publications

Características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos de corte de quatro grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

Características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos de corte de quatro grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

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