Conhecimento e uso de plantas em uma comunidade caiçara do litoral sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract

A Área de Proteção Ambiental de Cairuçu (APA) localiza-se no município de Paraty, RJ. É uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável e dispõe-se a proteger o ambiente natural e as comunidades caiçaras da região. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um inventário etnobotânico das plantas conhecidas e utilizadas pela comunidade caiçara que habita a praia de Martim de Sá. Moram no local 30 pessoas das quais 10 foram entrevistadas. As informações etnobotânicas foram obtidas através da observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O material botânico coletado foi depositado no Herbário do Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB). Foram identificadas 76 espécies pertencentes a 59 gêneros e 30 famílias botânicas consideradas úteis pelos caiçaras. As três espécies mais citadas foram: Sloanea obtusifolia (Sapopema), Scherolobium denudatum (Ingá-ferro) e Balizia pedicelaris (Timbuíba). Utilizou-se o Índice de Shannon (H' = 1,81 - base 10) para a análise da diversidade de espécies. O registro sobre o uso dos recursos vegetais na comunidade estudada fornece informações que podem ser utilizadas para programas de conservação baseados no conhecimento local do ambiente.

Medicinal Plants in Rural Settlements of a Protected Area in the Littoral of Northeast Brazil

“…A low number of plants with high UV was also observed in other studies which recorded less than five species with values higher than 1.0 (ALBUQUERQUE; ANDRADE; BORGES;PEIXOTO, 2009;GALEANO, 2000). This supports the idea that each informant bears a unique set of experiences on the roles played by plants to their well-being.…”

“…Comparing diversity values with those of studies also conducted in communities located in the Atlantic Forest or in rural settlements, Shannon-Wiener and equitability values were somewhat high, with similar values to those of the other studies (Table 4) (AMOROZO, 2002;BORGES;PEIXOTO, 2009;PINTO;AMOROZO;FURLAN, 2006). High values of these indices link the areas to the populations with significant ethnobotanical knowledge (LIMA, et al, 2000), and were observed among the studied communities, because the Shannon index indicated the extent to which local diversity was explored by the population.…”

“…Ethnobiological studies provide a central means to recover and document local practices, given that their ecological knowledge, build up from field activities and direct contact with natural elements, is being replaced by new technologies which threaten traditions within this 'new environment' (GANDOLFO; HANAZAKI, 2011). As a result, human knowledge and perception of the natural world are documented via ethnobiological approaches (BORGES; PEIXOTO, 2009).…”

“…Traditional knowledge is, therefore, a powerful tool to plan and preserve these areas, complementing scientific knowledge by providing practical experiences based on ecosystem perception and, thus, aiding to the comprehension of environmental changes (BORGES; PEIXOTO, 2009). Brito, Marin and Cruz Despite being amongst the most prominent biodiversity hotspots in the world (MYERS et al, 2000) and having lost a great share of its original forest cover due to human impacts, the Atlantic Forest is home to several human communities which, in their own particular ways, exploit the natural resources for survival.…”

How are legal matters related to the access of traditional knowledge being considered in the scope of ethnobotany publications in Brazil?

“…In terms of authorization by governmental bodies, there were requirements in four journals: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Acta Amazônica, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, and Ethnobiology and Conservation. Within Acta Amazônica guidelines, there is a specific item concerning legal and ethical aspects, which clarifies the organs that are suitable Anderson 1977Miller et al 1989Grandi et al 1989 Rodrigues 1998 Negrelle & Fornazzali, 2007;Ribeiro et al 2007;Rodrigues & Carvalho 2007;Souza 2007;Vieira et al 2007;Yuyama et al 2007;Calábria et al 2008;Cunha-Lima et al 2008;Melo et al 2008;Miranda & Hanazaki, 2008;Rufino et al 2008;Santos et al 2008;Silva & Proença 2008;Baldauf et al 2009;Borges & Peixoto 2009;Castro et al 2009;Eichemberg et al 2009;Fonseca-Kruel et al 2009;Jesus et al 2009;Lanini et al 2009;Leitão et al 2009;Marchese et al 2009;Oliveira & Trovão 2009;Pilla & Amorozo 2009;Pires et al 2009;Santos et al 2009;Scoles 2009;Ustulin et al 2009.…”