Congenital Hypothyroidism and the Deleterious Effects on Auditory Function and Language Skills: A Narrative Review

Andrade, Caio Leônidas Oliveira de; Alves, Crésio de Aragão Dantas; Ramos, Helton Estrela

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.671784

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thyroid hormone is an essential part of the human physiological system, and its deficiency is known to induce multiple organ dysfunctions, including the auditory system. In the auditory system, thyroid hormone contributes to the morphogenesis, synaptogenesis, development, and the maturation of auditory pathways, 1,2 hence its deficiency has been postulated to be associated with hearing loss due to the low levels of free T4 (FT4) hormone. 3,4 Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common neonatal endocrine disorders, affecting about 1 in 4000-5000 births worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hearing loss in children, including those with congenital hypothyroidism, predisposes the children to developmental delays and disorders such as delayed speech, mental and cognitive retardation, as well as social and communication difficulties. 1,10 These complications are more commonly seen in children receiving delayed treatment, 10 thereby emphasizing the importance of prompt treatment with thyroid hormone replacement therapy in children diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensorineural hearing loss in a child with congenital hypothyroidism receiving thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Zizlavsky

Handayani

Suwento

et al. 2023

Oto Rhino Laryn Indones

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Background: Congenital hypothyroidism remains as one of the most common causes of hearing loss in children, considering that thyroid hormone plays an essential role in the development and maturation of auditory organs. Purpose: To report a case of hearing loss in a child with congenital hypothyroidism who had received thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Case report: Presenting a 3-year-old boy with congenital hypothyroidism, growth and developmental delays, and a very severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. He was diagnosed at 6 months old, and even after subsequent therapies, the hearing impairment of the child remained profound. Clinical question: Could thyroid hormone replacement therapy improve the prognosis of hearing function in congenital hypothyroid patients accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss? Review method: Literature review through database PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, EBSCOhost and Embase, using keywords: “congenital hypothyroidism”, “hearing loss”, and “thyroid hormone replacement therapy”. Result: Screening on 1088 articles found no studies that were relevant with the clinical question and inclusion criteria. Conclusion: This report supported the evidence on the effects of congenital hypothyroidism on hearing loss, and the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in congenital hypothyroid children. A missed diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates may result in unfavorable effects on the child’s growth and development. Further studies are needed to assess the improvement of hearing function in congenital hypothyroid patients accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss that received thyroid hormone replacement therapy. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Hipotiroidisme kongenital merupakan salah satu penyebab paling umum gangguan pendengaran pada anak-anak, terutama mengingat hormon tiroid berperan penting dalam perkembangan dan maturasi organ pendengaran. Tujuan: Melaporkan satu kasus gangguan pendengaran pada anak dengan hipotiroidisme kongenital yang menetap setelah terapi sulih hormon tiroid. Laporan kasus: Seorang anak laki-laki berusia 3 tahun dengan hipotiroidisme kongenital yang mengalami keterlambatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, dan gangguan pendengaran tipe sensorineural bilateral derajat sangat berat. Pasien didiagnosis pada usia 6 bulan, dan walaupun setelah terapi, gangguan pendengaran pada anak tersebut menetap. Pertanyaan klinis: Apakah terapi sulih hormon tiroid mempengaruhi prognosis perbaikan fungsi pendengaran pada pasien hipotiroid kongenital yang disertai gangguan pendengaran sensorineural? Tinjauan literatur: Melalui database PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, EBSCOhost dan Embase, menggunakan kata kunci: “hipotiroidisme kongenital”, “gangguan pendengaran”, “terapi sulih hormon tiroid”. Hasil: Setelah skrining 1088 artikel, tidak ada penelitian yang sesuai dengan pertanyaan klinis dan kriteria inklusi. Kesimpulan: Laporan ini menambah bukti tentang efek hipotiroidisme kongenital pada gangguan pendengaran, serta pentingnya diagnosis dini dan pengobatan segera pada anak hipotiroid kongenital. Diagnosis hipotiroidisme kongenital yang tidak terdeteksi pada neonatus, dapat mengakibatkan efek buruk pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menilai prognosis peningkatan fungsi pendengaran pada pasien hipotiroid kongenital dengan gangguan pendengaran sensorineural, yang mendapatkan terapi sulih hormon tiroid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorineural hearing loss in a child with congenital hypothyroidism receiving thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Zizlavsky

Handayani

Suwento

et al. 2023

Oto Rhino Laryn Indones

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“…And TH has been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular system diseases (4,5), digestive system diseases(6, 7), nervous system disease (8-10) and other diseases (11)(12)(13). Numerous observational studies have suggested that congenital hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of hearing loss (14)(15)(16). And some observed that patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) were more likely to have hypothyroidism than normal individuals (17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of hearing loss: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Zhu

Liu

2023

Preprint

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Background Hypothyroidism's causal direction and the magnitude of its association with hearing loss is uncertain due to the limitations of observational studies. This study aims to investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and hearing loss using bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR).Materials and Methods The genetic variants of 462,933 participants in the hypothyroidism study and 323,978 participants in the hearing loss study were used for bidirectional two-sample MR. Independent genetic variants that were significantly (P < 5×10− 8) associated with each exposure were considered as instruments. To test for sensitivity, Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were applied apart from the multiplicative random effects-inverse variance weighted (MRE-IVW) approach used as the main MR analysis.Results The forward MR revealed a significant causal estimate for the genetically predicted hypothyroidism with the high risk of hearing loss [MRE-IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 1.092, P = 0.003]. However, the reverse MR analysis found no significant correlation between genetically predicted hearing loss and hypothyroidism (MRE-IVW: OR = 1.04, P = 0.113). Sensitivity analyses showed that the causal association estimations were stable and reliable.Conclusion In this MR study, we demonstrated hypothyroidism was causally associated with a high risk of hearing loss. However, there was no evidence to support the causality of hearing loss on hypothyroidism.

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“…Centro Universitário de Brasília (CEUB), Brasília -DF 2. Hospital Regional de Taguatinga (HRT), Unidade de Pediatria, Brasília -DF.SUBMETIDO EM: 3/2023 | ACEITO EM: 3/2023 | PUBLICADO EM: 4/2023…”

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Consequências do hipotireoidismo congênito no desenvolvimento infantil

et al. 2023

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Objetivo: Avaliar as consequências do hipotireoidismo congênito no desenvolvimento da criança. Revisão bibliográfica: O Hipotireoidismo Congênito (HC) pode ser classificado em primário, secundário ou terciário e é decorrente da incapacidade da tireoide de produzir T3 e T4, que são hormônios responsáveis por diversas funções. Quando esses hormônios se encontram abaixo dos níveis ideais, podem causar prejuízos, uma vez que são essenciais para o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central. Um dos principais fatores de risco é o histórico familiar, seguido pelo sexo masculino. O diagnóstico precoce é essencial e ocorre por meio do teste de pezinho na triagem neonatal. Assim que for detectada a disfunção, o tratamento deve ser realizado com comprimidos por via oral diariamente do hormônio T4. Considerações finais: Fica claro que o HC tem consequências graves para o recém-nascido por afetar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e físico. Dessa forma, é primordial realizar o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento em tempo oportuno para evitar o retardo mental irreversível.

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Congenital Hypothyroidism and the Deleterious Effects on Auditory Function and Language Skills: A Narrative Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Sensorineural hearing loss in a child with congenital hypothyroidism receiving thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Sensorineural hearing loss in a child with congenital hypothyroidism receiving thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of hearing loss: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Consequências do hipotireoidismo congênito no desenvolvimento infantil

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