Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the Brazilian Version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)

Abstract

453The aim of this study was to assess the factorial structure of the Brazilian version of CSAI-2, using several structures suggested in previous studies. Two samples consisted of Brazilian soccer players, 266 from regional level (age 22.87 ± 4.08 years; athletic experience 11.32 ± 4.15 years) and 263 from national level (age 23.16 ± 4.37 years; athletic experience 11.11 ± 4.78 years) were used. The CSAI-2 is a 27-item inventory that measures negativism, physiological activation and self-confidence in a competitive setting. The results of CFA according to the original structure showed some inadequacy of the model. The model proposed by Cox, Martens, Russell (2003), composed of three factors (17-item), demonstrated better adjustment to the regional level sample (χ2/df = 1.871, CFI = .934, GFI = .916, RMSEA = .057), while the model suggested by Coelho, Vasconcelos-Raposo, Fernandes (2007), composed of two factors (18-item), adapted better to the national level sample (χ2/df = 1.701, CFI = .924, GFI = .914, RMSEA = .052). When we analyzed the two samples together, Coelho et al. (2007) was the better model, because it displayed greater invariance. The use of this model was suggested in the assessment of intensity of negative thoughts and the subsequent confirmation of its psychometric properties is recommended.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estructura factorial de la versión brasileña del CSAI-2, utilizando las estructuras sugeridas en estudios anteriores. Participaron dos muestras de jugadores de fútbol de Brasil, 266 de nivel regional (edad media = 22,87 ± 4.08 años y experiencia deportiva media = 11,32 ± 4,15 años) y 263 del nivel nacional (edad media = 23,16 ± 4,37 años; experiencia deportiva media = 11,11 ± 4,78 años). El CSAI-2 es un cuestionario compuesto por 27 ítems que miden la negatividad, la activación fisiológica y la auto-confianza en un entorno competitivo. Los resultados del AFC de acuerdo a la estructura original mostraron algunos desajustes del modelo. El modelo propuesto por Cox, Martens y Russell (2003), compuesto de tres factores (17 ítems), demostró un mejor ajuste en la muestra de nivel regional (χ2/df = 1,871, CFI = 0,934, GFI = 0,916, RMSEA = 0,057) , mientras que el modelo propuesto por Coelho, Vasconcelos-Raposo y Fernandes (2007), compuesto por dos factores (18 ítems), se ajustó mejor en la muestra de nivel nacional (χ2/df = 1,701, CFI = 0,924, GFI = 0,914, RMSEA = 0,052). Cuando analizamos las dos muestras juntas, el modelo de Coelho et al. (2007) resultó ser mejor, ya que mostró una mayor invarianza. Se sugiere el uso de este modelo en la evaluación de la intensidad de los pensamientos negativos, a la vez que se recomienda la confirmación ulterior de sus propiedades psicométricas.Palabras clave: CSAI-2, análisis factorial confirmatorio, Brasil

The CSAI-2: An Examination of the Instrument's Factorial Validity and Reliability of the Intensity, Direction and Frequency Dimensions with Brazilian Athletes

“…These recommendations were based on theoretically and empirically guided modifications that aimed to maintain the 3-factor theoretical structure of the original instrument (Cox et al, 2003). Previous research has demonstrated the superior fit of the CSAI-2R model (17 items) across several different cultures and languages (Coelho et al, 2010;Fernandes et al, 2012;Fernández, Rio, & Fernandez, 2007;Lundqvist & Hassmén, 2005;Raudsepp & Kais, 2008) although only the intensity dimension was examined in these studies. The only known study that tested this model across all three response dimensions (Martinent et al, 2010) provided support for the reliability and validity of this reduced model but the elimination of the first somatic anxiety item was suggested.…”

“…Athletes completed a Brazilian-Portuguese version (Coelho, Vasconcelos-Raposo, & Mahl, 2010) of the original CSAI-2 (Martens et al, 1990) that included the direction and Downloaded by [Chinese University of Hong Kong] at 05:01 26 December 2014 the frequency response dimensions. This instrument consists of 27 items measuring three dimensions: cognitive anxiety (Items 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25), somatic anxiety ( Items 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,and 26) and self-confidence ( Items 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,and 27).…”

“…Given these results, the authors recommended that clinicians and researchers interested in assessing anxiety in competitive sport contexts should consider using the CSAI-2R instead of the original version. Available evidence has provided additional empirical support for the adoption of the reduced version proposed by Cox et al (2003) in several other countries, including Switzerland (Lundqvist & Hassmén, 2005), Spain (Fernández, Rio, & Fernandez, (Raudsepp & Kais, 2008), Brazil (Coelho et al, 2010;Fernandes et al, in press), and France (Martinent et al, 2010).…”

Analysis of pre-competitive anxiety of Brazilian young swimmers

“…To assess pre-competitive anxiety, we used the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2), originally developed by Martens et al (1990b) and validated for the Brazilian context by Coelho, Vasconcelos-Raposo & Mahl (2010). This instrument is composed of 27 items distributed in three subscales: CA (α = 0.85); SA (α = 0.88); and SC (α = 0.90).…”

Adaptation and Validation of Sport-Confidence Measure to Gymnasts and Football Players

“…Results suggest preliminary CSAI-2 adequacy evidence for Brazilian athletes. However, results suggest some changes may be necessary so the instrument may present acceptable psychometric properties (Bartholomeu, Montiel, & Machado, 2013;Coelho, Vasconcelos-Raposo, & Mahl, 2010). Coimbra (2011) transculturally adapted the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (Smith et al, 1995) for Brazilian athletes.…”