Cone calorimetry studies of polymer systems flame retarded by chemically bonded phosphorus

Price, Dennis; Bullett, K.J.; Cunliffe, L. K; Hull, T. Richard; Milnes, G.J.; Ebdon, John R.; Hunt, B. J.; Joseph, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.09.025

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It has been found that cone calorimeter results correlate well with those obtained from large scale fire tests, and thus it has become a reliable indicators of likely performance in a real fire [15]. Moreover, it provides comprehensive insight into fire risk via parameters such as heat release rate (HRR), total heat release rate (THR), CO release and time to ignition (TTI).…”

Section: Flame Retardant Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardation and char formation mechanism of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate

Zhou

Song

Wang

et al. 2008

Polymer Degradation and Stability

127

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Section: Flame Retardant Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardation and char formation mechanism of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate

Zhou

Song

Wang

et al. 2008

Polymer Degradation and Stability

127

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“…It can provide a wealth of information on the combustion behavior, and give a measure of the size of the fire. 30,31 The heat release rate (HRR) is presented in Figure 9, which is recognized to be the most important parameter to measure the developing and spreading of fire. 32,33 From Figure 9, the pure PP (curve a in Fig.…”

Section: Cone Calorimeter Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel flame retardant, tetra(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxaphosphorinanyl-2-oxy) neopentane (DOPNP), was synthesized successfully, and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrate that DOPNP showed a good char-forming ability. Its initial decomposition temperature was 236.4 C based on 1% mass loss, and its char residue was 41.2 wt % at 600 C, and 22.9 wt % at 800 C, respectively. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of novel intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (IFR-PP) composites containing DOPNP were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, TGA, cone calorimeter (CONE) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that DOPNP effectively raised LOI value of IFR-PP. When the loading of IFR was 30 wt %, LOI of IFR-PP reached 31.3%, and it passed UL-94 V-0. TGA results show that DOPNP made the thermal decomposition of IFR-PP take place in advance; reduced the thermal decomposition rate and raised the residual char amount. CONE results show that DOPNP could effectively decrease the heat release rate peak of IFR-PP. A continuous and compact char layer observed from the SEM further proved the flame retardance.

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“…Cone calorimeter test is a small-scale test, but it has good correlation with real fire disaster, compared with LOI test; the data obtained from cone calorimeter can provide plentiful information on fire. 28 The heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) are presented in Figures 1 and 2. HRR is recognized to be the most important parameter to measure the developing and spreading of fire; it provides an indication of the likely size of the fire.…”

Section: Cone Calorimeter Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergist flame retarding effect of ultrafine zinc borate on LDPE/IFR system

Wu¹,

Wan-yin²,

Hu³

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The flame retardancy of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) treated with complex flame retardant composed of ultrafine zinc borate (UZB) and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) have been investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter test, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of LOI and UL-94 test indicate the desired flame retardancy of LDPE is obtained when the mass ratio of UZB to IFR is 4.2 : 25.8 and the complex flame retardant mass content is 30% (based on LDPE). The results of cone calorimeter show that heat release rate (HRR) peak, total heat release (THR), and mass loss of LDPE/ IFR/UZB decrease substantially when compared with those of LDPE/IFR. TGA results show that the residue of LDPE/IFR/UZB increases obviously than that of LDPE/ IFR when the temperature is above 6008C. SEM indicates the quality of char forming of LDPE/IFR/UZB is superior to that of LDPE/IFR. The results of EDS and XRD indicate that boron orthophosphate (BPO 4 ) and zinc-contained compounds are formed in the residual char and these substances may play an important role in stabilizing the intumescent char structure and decrease the degradation speed substantially when subjected to high temperature.

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Cone calorimetry studies of polymer systems flame retarded by chemically bonded phosphorus

Cited by 68 publications

References 2 publications

Flame retardation and char formation mechanism of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate

Flame retardation and char formation mechanism of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Synergist flame retarding effect of ultrafine zinc borate on LDPE/IFR system

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