Conductive network formation and electrical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: Percolation and dynamic percolation

Zhang, Cheng; Zhu, Jun; Ouyang, Mi; Ma, Chao; Sumita, Masao

doi:10.1002/app.30729

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Further, in the same article, the storage modulus of the PC/MWCNTs was also investigated as a function of aspect ratio, and the results indicate that the rubbery moduli at 180 and 200 °C both increase with increasing the aspect ratio of MWCNTs . Other studies have also indicated that the diameter and length of CNTs (either single‐walled or multi‐walled CNTs), as well as degree of functionality on the CNTs, have great influences on the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of polymer/CNT composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Aspect ratio effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT composites

Guo

Liu

Prada-Silvy

et al. 2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

105

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Two multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) having relatively high aspect ratios of 313 and 474 with approximately the same diameter were melt mixed with polycarbonate (PC) in a twin‐screw conical micro compounder. The effects of aspect ratio on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the PC/MWCNT composites were investigated. Electrical conductivities and storage moduli of the filled samples are found to be independent of the starting aspect ratio for these high aspect ratio tubes; although the conductivities and storage moduli are still significantly higher than values of composites made with nanotubes having more commercially common aspect ratios of ∼100. Transmission electron microscopy results suggest that melt‐mixing reduces these longer nanotubes to the same length, but still approximately two times longer than the length of commercially common aspect ratio tubes after melt‐mixing. Molecular weight measurements show that during melt‐mixing the longer nanotubes significantly degrade the molecular weight of the polymer as compared to very similar nanotubes with aspect ratio ∼100. Because of the molecular weight reduction glass transition temperatures predictably show a large decrease with increasing nanotube concentration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 73–83

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Aspect ratio effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT composites

Guo

Liu

Prada-Silvy

et al. 2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

105

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“…High temperature enhances the diffusion constant of the medium and Brownian motion, reducing the amount of time needed to reduce the orientation imparted to CNTs during the initial molding and to form an electrically conductive nanotube network in the solid. [ 23, 30–32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filler reaggregation and network formation time scale in extruded high‐density polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Castillo

Grady

2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) masterbatch containing 20.2 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was melt diluted with neat HDPE using two different methods: a twin screw microcompounder and a single‐screw extruder. The electrical properties of these composites were assessed using bulk electrical conductivity measurements, their mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and percent crystallinity was determined by wide angle x‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A percolation threshold (pc) of 4.5 wt% MWNTs was found in compression‐molded samples. Extruded samples were prepared with nanotube concentrations below and above the compression‐molded percolation threshold (2 and 7 wt% MWNTs) and passed through the extruder twice before entering a low‐shear melt annealing zone. Different melt annealing times were used and their effects on the electrical and mechanical properties of the resulting quench‐cooled composites were evaluated. Results showed that extruded composites were nonconductive, indicating that a conductive nanotube network did not form on the time scale of these experiments. Annealing time also did not affect significantly the mechanical properties of the resulting solid composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Finally, to better understand the variation of activation energy in CPCs with different fillers, activation‐energy values calculated by the percolation time and zero‐shear viscosity are plotted to compare with some results reported in the literature (Figure ) . Those results further indicate that the filler types, such as filler geometry and surface polarity, greatly affect the activation‐energy values …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

The role of conductive pathways in the conductivity and rheological behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)–graphite composites

Liu¹,

Pan²,

Hao³

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Up to now, research on the dynamic process of conductive network formation has tended to focus on composite particles with one-dimensional geometry, such as carbon black and carbon nanotubes. However, studies on this subject based on fillers with two-dimensional structure, such as graphite, are rare in the literature. In this work, the dynamic percolation and rheological properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-graphite composites under an electric field were investigated. The activation energies of conductive network formation and polymer matrix mobility were calculated from the temperature dependence of the percolation time and the zero-shear viscosity. It was found that the activation energy calculated from the zero-shear viscosity was not influenced by the electric field in the concentration range investigated, but the electric field had an effect on the activation energy calculated from the percolation time. This finding emphasizes that the electrical and rheological properties have different physical origins. V C 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43810.

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Conductive network formation and electrical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: Percolation and dynamic percolation

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Aspect ratio effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT composites

Aspect ratio effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT composites

Filler reaggregation and network formation time scale in extruded high‐density polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

The role of conductive pathways in the conductivity and rheological behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)–graphite composites

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