Conductive Backscatter Communication for Dual-Chamber Leadless Pacemakers

Noormohammadi, Reza; Khaleghi, Ali; Bergsland, Jacob; Balasingham, Ilangko

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2022.3147978

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Various methods for synchronizing dual-chamber LLPMs have been proposed, which can be broadly grouped into two categories: indirect synchronization through an external primary device or direct implant-to-implant communication. In the first category, modalities such as radio-frequency (RF), inductive, or conductive backscatter communication have been explored for primary-to-implant communication [14]- [16]. Inductive communication also enables wireless power transfer, potentially extending implant longevity [15].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct-Digital 40 μA 100 kb/s Intracardiac Communication Receiver with 250 μs Startup Time for Low Duty-Cycle Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization

Ryser,

Baeriswyl,

Moser

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first commercial dual-chamber leadless pacemaker (LLPM) was introduced recently. The system combines two separate implants situated in the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. Implant synchronization is accomplished with conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) using the myocardium and blood as transmission channel. Successful implant synchronization of this dual-chamber LLPM has been demonstrated. However, the continuously active synchronization transceivers, consuming about 800 nA, cause a 25-45% reduction in the projected device longevity. This work proposes an alternative strategy for power-optimized LLPM synchronization, which is based on synchronous duty-cycling of the transceivers and direct-digital CIC (DD-CIC). In line with this strategy, a novel low-power DD-CIC receiver for short-packet communication based on Manchester-encoded data and with fast startup time is presented. The circuit was fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology and analyzed with respect to sensitivity, current consumption and startup time under highly duty-cycled operation. The receiver achieves a sensitivity of 81.6±7.4 µV at a data rate of 100 kb/s, with an active current consumption of 39.1±0.6 µA and a startup time below 250 µs. Operating the receiver as specified by the proposed LLPM synchronization strategy reduces the current consumption to a measured average value of 73 nA. In conclusion, this work suggests synchronous duty-cycling for CIC-based implant synchronization as a promising concept to This work was supported by the Swiss Heart Foundation, the Hasler Foundation, the Novartis Foundation (grants to A. Haeberlin) and the siteminsel support funds (grant to T. Reichlin).

show abstract

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct-Digital 40 μA 100 kb/s Intracardiac Communication Receiver with 250 μs Startup Time for Low Duty-Cycle Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization

Ryser,

Baeriswyl,

Moser

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is promising for two reasons. Firstly, this may guarantee reliable communication even in the case of time-dependent signal attenuation and long-term drift of channel properties, which have to be expected in a living beating heart [10], [12], [24]. Specifically, in-vivo experiments on porcine hearts have found variations in attenuation as high as ±5 dB at 1 MHz relative to the time average [10], [12].…”

Section: A Implications For Cic-transceiver Design 1) Power Consumpti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation Scheme Analysis for Low-Power Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization Based on Conductive Intracardiac Communication

Ryser

Schmid

Bereuter

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) has been demonstrated as a promising concept for the synchronization of multi-chamber leadless cardiac pacemakers (LLPMs). To meet the 2-5 µW power budget of a LLPM, highly specialized CIC-transceivers, which make optimal use of the cardiac communication channel, need to be developed. However, a detailed investigation of the optimal communication parameters for CIC-based LLPM synchronization is missing so far. This work analyzes the intracardiac communication performance of two low-power modulation techniques, namely On-Off-Keying (OOK) and Manchesterencoded baseband transmission (BB-MAN), as a function of the transmitted bit-energy. The bit error rate (BER) of a prototype dual-chamber LLPM was determined both in simulation and invitro experiments on porcine hearts. A BER of 1e−4 was achieved with a median bit-energy in the range of 3-16 pJ (interquartile range: 4-15 pJ) for data rates from 75-500 kbps and a receiver Manuscript

show abstract

An Ultra-Miniaturized High Efficiency Implanted Spiral Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers

Ramzan

Khaleghi

Xiao

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conductive Backscatter Communication for Dual-Chamber Leadless Pacemakers

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

A Direct-Digital 40 μA 100 kb/s Intracardiac Communication Receiver with 250 μs Startup Time for Low Duty-Cycle Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization

A Direct-Digital 40 μA 100 kb/s Intracardiac Communication Receiver with 250 μs Startup Time for Low Duty-Cycle Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization

Modulation Scheme Analysis for Low-Power Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization Based on Conductive Intracardiac Communication

An Ultra-Miniaturized High Efficiency Implanted Spiral Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About