An Ultra-Miniaturized High Efficiency Implanted Spiral Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers

Design of a miniaturized dual circularly polarized implantable antenna by using characteristic mode method

“…Such as brain implant technology, retinal prosthesis, and capsule endoscopy are the main trends in the medical service industry’s current and future development 3 – 5 . Some technical challenges are involved in the design of implantable antennas such as miniaturization, specific absorption rate (SAR), polarization mismatch, and generation of human body models, etc 6 , 7 . Two commonly used miniaturization methods are extending the current path and using a high dielectric constant substrate 8 – 13 .…”