Conclusion. Pour une sociologie des catastrophes

Abordagem psicossociológica sobre ameaças e seus usos sociais*

“…No início, utilizada simplesmente como anúncio de um possível perigo, a ameaça teve uma apropriação mais pronunciada e específica a partir do fim dos anos 1990, com o reconhecimento da gravidade e da amplitude dos problemas ambientais e sanitários e com o surgimento do terrorismo, apelando para elaborações de sentido mais discreto e sutil. Atualmente, a ameaça remete, insidiosamente, a um estado de catástrofe, resultando em uma visão do presente e do futuro cataclísmico, quase "apocalíptico", à qual são associados termos que suscitam ansiedade (Boy, 1999;Clavandier, 2004).…”

Death in port: the explosion of the battleship Liberté in Toulon harbour (25 September 1911)

“…15 The supposed dichotomy of a hybrid event, occurring in peacetime but whose physical consequences suggest a context of war, can be overridden by viewing the tragedy of the Liberté as part of the 'mass fatalities' studied by the sociologist Gaëlle Clavandier. 16 The records available on the incident are as vast as they are incomplete. The archives of the naval hospitals in Toulon have many gaps, making it all the more di cult to nd out about the injuries su ered by the sailors.…”

Disaster Resilience from a Sociological Perspective

“…The concept of time belongs to the anthropological and universal question of mankind in all eras and in all daily actions, but within a condition of crisis it assumes an important role (Clavandier 2004) because it represents a particular space, during which the actions of preventing, planning, and coping with a crisis take place. So, its functions are represented not only by a normative pattern (Pacelli and Marchetti 2007) but also other various types of time dimensions are considered (Elias 1986).…”