Concentrations of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with joint disease

Abstract

Synovial fluid SAA concentration was a good marker of infectious arthritis and tenovaginitis and appeared to reflect changes in inflammatory activity. The advantages of use of SAA as a marker include the ease and speed of measurement and the fact that concentrations in synovial fluid were not influenced by repeated arthrocentesis in healthy horses. Further study of the SAA response in osteoarthritic joints to assess its usefulness in diagnosis and monitoring of osteoarthritis is warranted.

Factors Influencing Serum Amyloid Type A (Saa) Concentrations in Horses

“…SAA concentrations increased at 16 hours, reached a peak at 36 -48 h (227 times higher than the baseline), and remained elevated for two weeks. In complicated septic arthritis situations, SAA remains elevated both in serum and synovial fluid, so it can be used to monitor treatment effect, and that decreases simultaneously with the action of the treatment [22,54].…”

“…Thus, monitoring the SAA allows making quick decisions about the treatment to apply, and thus decrease the discomfort and postoperative complications [22,29].…”

“…SAA3 isoform has been isolated both in hepatocytes during the APR and in various cell types that are checked for extra hepatic synthesis in the digestive tract, airways, mammary gland, synovial tissue and articular cartilage chondrocytes [18][19][20]. Thus, the protein levels rise substantially in inflammatory arthritis and mastitis [13,18,21,22].…”

Osteoarthritis in horses - Part 1: relationship between clinical and radiographic examination for the diagnosis

“…Their research revealed an essencial increase in the expression of disintegrin and metalloproteins with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5) and of MMP-13 in the synovial tissue, as well as increases in both ADAMTS-4 and MMP-13 in the cartilage. Jacobsen et al (2006) determined the serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration in the serum and SF of 10 healthy horses and 21 horses with different types of joint disease. The effect of recurrent arthrocentesis on SAA concentrations in SF was evaluated using immunoturbidimetry.…”

Acute Phase Proteins as Biomarkers in Animal Health and Welfare

“…Increased serum concentrations of SAA have been found in horses affected by arthritis and a local synthesis of this protein has also been reported in the inflamed joint (Jacobsen et al, 2006a). Synovial fluid SAA concentration seems to be a good marker of infectious arthritis and present advantages as ease and speed of measurement and the fact that concentrations in synovial fluid were not influenced by repeated arthrocentesis in healthy horses (Jacobsen et al, 2006b). High levels of SAA in serum and an increased expression in endometrium have been reported in mares with experimentally induced endometritis (Mette et al, 2010).…”