Concentrations of Immunoglobulin A, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Breastmilk of Adolescent and Adult Mothers in Quito, Ecuador: A Cohort Study

Flores, Nancy; Villegas, Esteffania; Villacís, Daniela; Fornasini, Marco; Cifuentes, Sara G.; Narváez, L.; Baldeón, Manuel E.

doi:10.1089/bfm.2013.0085

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Another study performed in Quito concluded that the levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine TNF in the breast milk of adolescent mothers were higher than those in adult mothers. 17 Thompson et al 18 associated differences in the microbiota of the newborn with the birth route (cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery) in mothers from the Galapagos Islands. Reports suggesting a high probability of congenital infection of COVID-19 are scarce.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

Pinos

Martinez

Matute

et al. 2022

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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Objective The present article presents a literature review concerning the microbiota of breast milk and the influence of epigenetics in the susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods A literature review. Results Breastfeeding transfers microbiota, nutrients, diverse white blood cells, prebiotics, hormones, and antibodies to the baby, which provide short- and long-term immunological protection against several infectious, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses. The little evidence available shows that breast milk very rarely carries the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and even in those cases, it has been discarded as the source of contagion. Conclusion The reviewed studies show evidence of a beneficial effect of breastfeeding and highlights its importance on the current pandemic due to the immune reinforcement that it provides. Breastfed individuals showed better clinical response due to the influence on the microbiota and to the nutritional and immune contribution provided by breast milk, compared with those who were not breastfed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

Pinos

Martinez

Matute

et al. 2022

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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With antitransglutaminase antibodies in the breast milk, is breastfeeding beneficial or harmful?

Zingone

Santolo²,

Cinquanta

et al. 2017

Nutrition

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Human Milk Microbiota in an Indigenous Population Is Associated with Maternal Factors, Stage of Lactation, and Breastfeeding Practices

Leyva

González

et al. 2021

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria that are modified by maternal factors, but whether these or other factors are similar in developing countries has not been explored. Our objective was to determine whether milk microbiota was modified by maternal age, body mass index (BMI), parity, lactation stage, subclinical mastitis (SCM), and breastfeeding practices in the first six months of lactation in an indigenous population from Guatemala. Methods For this cross-sectional study, Mam-Mayan indigenous mothers nursing infants <6 months of age were recruited. Unilateral human milk samples were collected (n = 86) and processed for 16S rRNA sequencing at the genus level. Microbial diversity and relative abundance were compared with maternal factors (age, BMI, parity, stage of lactation, SCM and 3 breastfeeding practices (exclusive, predominant, mixed)) obtained through questionnaires. Results Streptococcus was the most abundant genus (33.8%), followed by Pseudomonas (18.7%) and Sphingobium (10.7%) but relative abundance was associated with maternal factors. First, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were more abundant in early lactation whereas the common oral (Leptotrichia) and environmental (Comamonas) bacteria were more abundant in established lactation. Second, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Micrococcus had higher abundance in multiparous mothers compared to primiparous mothers. Third, a more diverse microbiota characterized by higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus), Leucobacter and Micrococcus was found in mothers with a healthy BMI. Finally, distinct microbial communities differed by stage of lactation and by exclusive, predominant or mixed breastfeeding practices. Conclusion Milk bacterial communities in an indigenous community were associated with maternal factors. Higher microbial diversity was supported by having a healthy BMI, the absence of SCM and by breastfeeding. Interestingly, breastfeeding practices when assessed by lactation stage were associated with distinct microbiota profiles.

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Concentrations of Immunoglobulin A, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Breastmilk of Adolescent and Adult Mothers in Quito, Ecuador: A Cohort Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

With antitransglutaminase antibodies in the breast milk, is breastfeeding beneficial or harmful?

Human Milk Microbiota in an Indigenous Population Is Associated with Maternal Factors, Stage of Lactation, and Breastfeeding Practices

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