Concentrations of canine prostate specific esterase, CPSE, at baseline are associated with the relative size of the prostate at three-year follow-up

Abstract

Background Enlargement of the prostate is associated with prostatic diseases in dogs, and an estimation of prostatic size is a central part in the diagnostic workup. Ultrasonography is often the method of choice, but biomarkers constitute an alternative. Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) shares many characteristics with human prostate specific antigen (PSA) and is related to prostate size. In men with clinical symptoms of prostatic disease, PSA concentrations are related to prostate growth. The aims of the present follow-up study were to evaluate if the concentration of CPSE is associated with future growth of the prostate, and if analysis of a panel of 16 steroids gives further information on prostatic growth. Owners of dogs included in a previous study were 3 years later contacted for a follow-up study that included an interview and a clinical examination. The prostate was examined by ultrasonography. Serum concentrations of CPSE were measured, as was a panel of steroids. Results Of the 79 dogs included at baseline, owners of 77 dogs (97%) were reached for an interview, and 22 were available for a follow-up examination. Six of the 79 dogs had clinical signs of prostatic disease at baseline, and eight of the remaining 73 dogs (11%) developed clinical signs between baseline and follow-up, information was lacking for two dogs. Development of clinical signs was significantly more common in dogs with a relative prostate size of ≥2.5 at baseline (n = 20) than in dogs with smaller prostates (n = 51). Serum concentrations of CPSE at baseline were not associated with the change in prostatic size between baseline and follow-up. Serum concentrations of CPSE at baseline and at follow-up were positively associated with the relative prostatic size (Srel) at follow-up. Concentrations of corticosterone (P = 0.024), and the class corticosteroids (P = 0.0035) were positively associated with the difference in Srel between baseline and follow-up. Conclusions The results support the use of CPSE for estimating present and future prostatic size in dogs ≥4 years, and the clinical usefulness of prostatic size for predicting development of clinical signs of prostatic disease in the dog. The association between corticosteroids and prostate growth warrants further investigation.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia

“…An alternative for confirmation of BPH is analysis of serum concentration of the biomarker canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) biomarker. Serum CPSE concentrations are significantly higher in dogs with BPH than in normal dogs [ 39 – 41 ]. Our study was conducted on a clinical population of client-owned dogs and the dog owners did not consent to the biopsy.…”

Diagnostic tests in canine andrology - What do they really tell us about fertility?

“…Another hormone which is nowadays commonly measured in blood serum is canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) [43,44]. The concentration was reported to be higher in dogs suffering from prostatic diseases [44].…”

Comparative Pathobiology of Canine and Human Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions

“…Recently, some studies have tried to associate the expression of CPSE with different prostate lesions. Holst et al [ 223 ] evaluated CPSE concentrations in dogs according to prostate volume and found no association of this marker with prostate volume. However, the authors identified an increase in CPSE relative to the basal value of each animal during the follow-up, considering the basal values previously evaluated.…”

“…However, the authors identified an increase in CPSE relative to the basal value of each animal during the follow-up, considering the basal values previously evaluated. In practice, it would not be a routine assessment to be performed, as there was no association with the patients’ diagnosis [ 223 ]. Moreover, although CPSE presents high concentrations in the seminal fluid, these values are unknown in the different prostate changes in dogs.…”