Concentration and Bioavailability of Ciprofloxacin and Teicoplanin in the Cornea

Kaye, Stephen B.; Neal, Timothy; Nicholson, Steven; Szkurlat, J.; Bamber, Sharon; Baddon, Andrew C.; Anderson, Steven J.; Seddon, Keeley; Dwyer, Nichola; Lovering, Andrew; Smith, Godfrey

doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3201

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Topical application of an antimicrobial to the cornea may achieve a very different concentration and bioavailability in the tissue than the serum levels. 38 Although the appropriate disc susceptibility breakpoint for each antimicrobial and bacterial isolate combination has not yet been determined, there is good evidence demonstrating the relationship between the MIC of topically applied antimicrobials and clinical outcome in bacterial keratitis. 31,39 In conclusion, we found patients with lukSF-PVþve S. aureus were associated with a trend to worse clinical outcome and more surgical interventions, with an effect unrelated to MICs.…”

Section: Luksf-pv Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

lukSF-PVinStaphylococcus aureusKeratitis Isolates and Association With Clinical Outcome

Sueke

Shankar

Neal

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, and clinical relevance of the lukSF-PV gene, encoding the bacterial toxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin, in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cases of bacterial keratitis in the United Kingdom.METHODS. Multiplex PCRs investigating carriage of lukSF-PV and mecA were performed on S. aureus isolates from patients. The lukSF-PV operon was sequenced to investigate its diversity, and multilocus sequence typing to test for a clonal relationship between lukSF-PV isolates. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and clinical outcome data were compared for isolates characterized as lukSF-PVþve, mecAþve, and lukSF-PV/mecA-ve. RESULTS.Of 95 isolates, 9 (9.5%) were lukSF-PVþve, 9 (9.5%) mecAþve, and 1 was positive for both. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in lukSF-PV genes of seven strains. There was no significant difference between the MICs of lukSF-PV/mecA-ve and lukSF-PVþve isolates to the antimicrobials tested, except for tigecycline (P < 0.05). The mecAþve isolates had significantly higher mean MICs to meropenem and fluoroquinolones (P < 0.05). There were nonsignificant trends for healing and treatment times, ulcer and scar size, and overall clinical score to be greater in the lukSF-PVþve group (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients, however, who required surgery was significantly greater among patients with lukSF-PVþve isolates with an odds ratio of 7.8 (95% CI 1-42, P ¼ 0.018) for patients requiring surgery.CONCLUSIONS. lukSF-PVþve isolates were associated with a trend to worse clinical outcome and more surgical interventions, with an effect unrelated to MICs. This suggests that lukSF-PV may be an important virulence factor in S. aureus-associated keratitis.Keywords: keratitis, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, Staphylococcus aureus keratitis T he pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by a multitude of secreted virulence factors, such as bacterial surface adhesins, immune evasion proteins, and toxins. PantonValentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin produced by S. aureus.1 It is a bicomponent toxin that consists of the polypeptides LukS-PV and LukF-PV. 2 The cognate LukS-PV and LukF-PV bind to neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, but not to lymphocytes.3 Following the binding of monomers of LukS-PV and LukF-PV, further monomers attach to the cell wall forming a heptameric structure that forms a pore in the host cell surface. 2,4 This pore formation results in leukocyte cell death and the release of inflammatory cytokines. 3 The involvement, however, of PVL in the virulence of S. aureus is equivocal and its link with clinical outcome remains uncertain. In vivo studies have produced conflicting data. Murine models of S. aureus infection have shown that the absence of PVL results in an increase in virulence, 5-8 whereas studies in rabbits indicate that the presence of PVL increases the virulence of S. aureus.9-11 These discrepancies could, however, be attributed to differences in the immunology of the models. 11 Mo...

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Section: Luksf-pv Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

lukSF-PVinStaphylococcus aureusKeratitis Isolates and Association With Clinical Outcome

Sueke

Shankar

Neal

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…Most of the antibiotics were effective against S. aureus except ampicillin, in comparison with P. aeruginosa, which is less susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphinicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline. A relationship is suggested between the MIC of an antimicrobial and clinical outcome of infections due to S. aureus and P. aeruginosa treated with single antimicrobial [17]. In particular, a lower MIC was associated with a faster healing response [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of some Antibiotics in Combination Activity Against Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rammo

2017

JNUS

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The combinations of eight first-line antibiotics were investigated against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by the evaluation of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Ten isolates of S. aureus and ten isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from clinical samples and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antibiotic was determined. Synergistic interactions were observed in the combinations ampicillin-gentamycin, rifampicin-neomycin and rifampicintetracycline against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; and also in ciprofloxacin-tobramycin for P. aeruginosa. Other combinations were either additive or indifferent; one antagonistic interaction between chloramphinicol-erythromycin was observed. The results suggest that antibiotic combination is a potential way to achieve synergy when the causal organism is a multi-antibiotic resistance one.

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“…lung) may respond differently if located in the eye and are exposed to topical antibiotic. Studies conducted by Kaye et al (2009) showed that topical administration of an antimicrobial to the cornea may achieve a different concentration and bioavailability in the tissue than the serum levels. In the treatment of bacterial keratitis, the MIC values are an important measure for evaluating the potential effectiveness of topically applied antimicrobials (Sueke et al, 2010).…”

Section: Susceptibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentration of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolated from septic ocular surface disease in different animal species

Leigue¹,

Montiani‐Ferreira²,

Moore³

2016

Open Vet J.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different animal species with septic ocular surface disease. Sixteen strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from different species of animals (dog, cat, horse, penguin and brown bear) with ocular surface diseases such as conjunctivitis, keratocojnuctivits sicca and ulcerative keratitis. These isolates were tested against 11 different antimicrobials agents using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using E-tests for two antibiotics (tobramycin and ciprofloxacin) commonly used in veterinary ophthalmology practice. Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic, with 100% of the strains being susceptible, followed by amikacin (87.5%), gentamicin, norfloxacin, gatifloxacin and polymyxin (both with 81.5%of susceptibility). MIC90 of ciprofloxacin was 2 µg/ml and the values found ranged from 0.094 µg/ml to 32 µg/ml. For tobramycin, MIC90 was 32 µg/ml and ranged from 0.25 µg/ml to 256 µg/ml. The most effective in vitro antibiotic tested against P. aeruginosa in this study was imipenem, followed by amikacin. The 3 mg/ml eye drops commercially available ciprofloxacin presentations were in vitro effective against all strains tested in this study if applied up to 4 hours after instillation. Whereas for tobramycin the 3 mg/ml eye drops commercial presentations were not in vitro effective against some strains isolated in this study. Thus for ocular infections with P. aeruginosa when using tobramycin the ideal recommendation would be to either use eye drops with higher concentrations or decrease the frequency intervals from four to a minimum of every two hours.

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Concentration and Bioavailability of Ciprofloxacin and Teicoplanin in the Cornea

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

lukSF-PVinStaphylococcus aureusKeratitis Isolates and Association With Clinical Outcome

lukSF-PVinStaphylococcus aureusKeratitis Isolates and Association With Clinical Outcome

Evaluation of some Antibiotics in Combination Activity Against Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentration of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolated from septic ocular surface disease in different animal species

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