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The combinations of eight first-line antibiotics were investigated against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by the evaluation of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Ten isolates of S. aureus and ten isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from clinical samples and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antibiotic was determined. Synergistic interactions were observed in the combinations ampicillin-gentamycin, rifampicin-neomycin and rifampicintetracycline against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; and also in ciprofloxacin-tobramycin for P. aeruginosa. Other combinations were either additive or indifferent; one antagonistic interaction between chloramphinicol-erythromycin was observed. The results suggest that antibiotic combination is a potential way to achieve synergy when the causal organism is a multi-antibiotic resistance one.

In vitro adhesion of bacteria to uroepithelial cells in the presence of cranberry methanol and water base extracts has been studied. Microorganisms taken from patients with urinary infections were (48%) Escherichia coli, (26%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, (16%) Proteus mirabilis, and (10%) Staphylococcus aureus. The adhesion of bacteria to uroepithelial cells in the presence of cranberry methanol base extract with varying concentrations showed high inhibition at concentrated extract (25 mg/ml) with S. aureus and E. coli being mostly affected and to a lesser extent with P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae. Inclusion of water in the extraction of cranberry, showed an inhibition effect of the concentrated extract (25 mg/ml) as being ca. 22% less effective than the methanol base extract. Results are discussed in terms of bacterial structure and the disruption of binding between the receptors of uroepitheilal cells.

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