Computed tomography and morphometry of the carpal canal in the dog

Turan, Erkut; Erden, Hasan

doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(03)80084-5

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, the canine model for CTS has only been described in a few recent studies [41,42]. Although the dog has an SSCT structure similar to that of humans, and the median nerve passes under the flexor retinaculum [13], there is no flexor digitorum superficialis tendon in the carpal tunnel in the canine model.…”

Section: Caninementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Anatomy of the Subsynovial Connective Tissue in the Carpal Tunnel of the Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Baboon, and Human

Ettema

Zhao

et al. 2006

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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The tenosynovium in the human carpal tunnel is connected to the flexor tendons and the median nerve by the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT). The most common histological finding in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a compression neuropathy of the median nerve, is noninflammatory fibrosis of the SSCT. The relationship, if any, between the fibrosis and nerve pathology is unknown, although some have speculated that a change in the SSCT volume or stiffness might be the source of the compression. Yet, while animal models have been used to study the physiology of nerve compression, so far none have been used to study the relationship of the SSCT pathology to the neurophysiological abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to identify animal models that might be appropriate to study the interaction of SSCT and nerve function in the development of CTS. The front paws of a rat, rabbit, dog, and baboon were dissected. The carpal tunnel anatomy and SSCT of these animals were also examined by light and scanning microscopy and compared to the relevant human anatomy and ultrastructure. The carpal tunnel anatomy and contents of the baboon and rabbit are similar to humans. The canine carpal tunnel lacks the superficial flexor tendons and the rat carpal tunnel is very small. The human, baboon, and rabbit specimens had very similar organization of the SSCT, and content of the carpal canal. We conclude that, while both the baboon and rabbit would be good animal models to study the relationship of the SSCT to CTS, the rabbit is likely to be more practical, in terms of cost and animal care concerns.

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Section: Caninementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Anatomy of the Subsynovial Connective Tissue in the Carpal Tunnel of the Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Baboon, and Human

Ettema

Zhao

et al. 2006

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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“…The superficial and deep digital flexor tendons, the radial, ulnar, and palmar interosseus arteries and veins, and the ulnar and median nerves course through the canal (3). A study evaluating the computed tomographic and morphometric features of the carpal canal in dogs found that the canal was largely similar to that of humans, and a later study found evidence for natural compression of the median nerve during flexion of the carpus in dogs (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carpal canal lipoma causing lameness in a dog

Szabo¹,

Ryan²,

Scott³

2011

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Carpal canal syndrome, or carpal tunnel syndrome, is the most common entrapment neuropathy in humans and is caused by compression of the median nerve as it courses through the carpal canal. A similar condition has been reported in horses, however there have not been any reported cases of a dog showing lameness secondary to compression within the carpal canal. This report describes the case of a dog exhibiting lameness secondary to a lipoma within the carpal canal. Lameness improved after surgical removal of the mass. This case highlights the need to consider compression of the tendons and nerves in the carpal canal as a cause of forelimb lameness in dogs when pain is localised to the carpus.

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“…CTS has been described experimentally, and prolongation of the sensory nerve action potential of the median nerve was determined at the hyperflexion position of the carpal joint in dogs [20]. The computed tomographic morphometry of the canal has also been well documented in this species [21]. The later studies showed that there were great similarities of the carpal region between human and dog for both the anatomic and electrophysiological aspects [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The computed tomographic morphometry of the canal has also been well documented in this species [21]. The later studies showed that there were great similarities of the carpal region between human and dog for both the anatomic and electrophysiological aspects [20,21]. Therefore, these studies speculated that CTS can be diagnosed in dogs if veterinarians are aware of its possibility and they test for it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic examination of the carpal canal in dogs

2009

Self Cite

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The aim of this study was to determine the course of the median nerve and its adjacent structures in the carpal canals of 8 healthy dogs by using high-frequency transducers. Before performing ultrasonography, the transverse and posteroanterior diameters as well as the perimeter of the carpus were measured at just proximal to the side of the carpal pad. The anatomical structures were then determined at two levels of the carpal canal, which were named the proximal and distal levels, on the transverse sonograms. The cross-sectional areas, perimeters and the transverse and posteroanterior diameters of the median nerve were measured at these levels. Although all the measurements were larger at the proximal level, significant differences between the proximal and distal levels were determined for the cross-sectional area, the perimeter and the transverse diameter of the median nerve. On the transverse sonogram, the deep digital flexor tendon was seen in almost the center of the carpal canal like a comma shape and also it had a small concavity on the caudal side. The superficial digital flexor tendon was seen as an ovoid shape on the transverse sonograms and it was located nearly at the posterior side of the carpal canal. Both tendons were seen as intermediate-grade echogenic structures. The median artery was located inside of the concavity of the deep digital flexor tendon. Also, the median nerve was seen at the posteromedial side of the median artery. As a result of this study, the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve ranged between 1.01-2.68 mm2 at the proximal level and between 0.93-1.91 mm2 at the distal level.

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Computed tomography and morphometry of the carpal canal in the dog

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative Anatomy of the Subsynovial Connective Tissue in the Carpal Tunnel of the Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Baboon, and Human

Comparative Anatomy of the Subsynovial Connective Tissue in the Carpal Tunnel of the Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Baboon, and Human

Carpal canal lipoma causing lameness in a dog

Ultrasonographic examination of the carpal canal in dogs

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