Based on an overview of 186 cases of apoplectic pituitary adenoma presenting with monocular or binocular blindness, we highlight the importance of correct diagnosis and an early, but not necessarily emergency, surgery within the first week of admission to optimize visual outcome of such patients. The illustrative case further exemplifies the value of close interaction between members of the management team for optimal outcome.

Angioleiomyoma is an uncommon type of leiomyoma of the uterus that originates from smooth muscle cells and contains thick-walled vessels. A 45-year-old woman with the complaint of lower abdominal pain was admitted to the hospital. In the operation a ruptured, bleeding uterine tumor was seen. She underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. On pathologic examination of the specimen, the tumor was diagnosed as angioleiomyoma. Here, an unusual clinical presentation of uterine angioleiomyoma was reported.

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Despite the importance of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration both in research and clinical practice, the underlying biological mechanism of this phenomenon remains obscure. The current study investigated the effects of neonatal pinealectomy on the development of IVD degeneration process in chicken. Thirty chicks (3 days of age) were divided into two equal groups: unoperated controls (Group X) and pinealectomized chicks (Group Y). Pinealectomies were performed at the age of 3 days. At the age of 8 weeks, magnetic resonance imaging examination of one animal in each experimental group was taken. At the end of the study, serum melatonin level was determined by using ELISA method and histopathological or biochemical examination of specimens from all subjects was done. The results of biochemical analyses were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, whereas The Chi-square test was adopted for the histological findings. In this study, the serum melatonin levels in Group Y were significantly lower than those in Group X (P < 0.001). Similarly, scoliosis was developed in 14 out of 15 (93%) in Group Y. Hydroxyproline content of IVD tissue was high in Group Y compared with the values in Group X, although there was no significant difference. Histologically, an appearance of normal IVD was observed in Group X, while the presence of a degenerated IVD was observed in Group Y. From the results of the current study, it is evident that surgical pinealectomy in new-hatched Hybro Broiler chicks has a significant effect on serum melatonin level as well as on the development of IVD degeneration and spinal malformation. In the light of these results from present animal study, melatonin may play a role in the development of IVD degeneration in human beings, but this suggestion need to be validated in the human setting.

These findings suggest that ophthalmic artery hemodynamic parameters change in both eyes of unilateral XFS patients, illustrating out the systemic nature of the disease. We conclude that XFS decreases OA blood flow velocities and increases vascular resistance through progressive build-up.

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A 45-year-old woman presented with complaints of low back pain and sciatica on the left persisting for 2 years. She had undergone left hemilaminectomy and discectomy for L4-5 intervertebral disc herniation at another medical center. Spinal computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a mass lesion in the posterior paravertebral region. The mass was hypointense with ring enhancement on the T 1 -weighted images and hyperintense on the T 2 -weighted images. Surgery found a retained sponge within the paraspinal mass cavity which was removed totally. Foreign-body granuloma (``gauzoma'') induced by forgotten sponge material is not an unusual complication of posterior lumbar surgery and should be considered as a potential cause in cases of surgical wound infections. MR imaging is essential to achieve the correct differential diagnosis.