Computationally efficient methods for state of charge approximation and performance measure calculation in series-connected battery equalization systems

Modeling and computationally efficient algorithms for analysis of battery equalization systems

“…Indeed, the capacity of the battery string will decrease quickly under charge imbalance, which may lead to lower efficiency or even failure of the entire system [8]. Fig 1.1 in paper [12] gives us a 4-cell battery system for exam-ple. In the Fig 1.1, the horizontal axis is time and vertical axis is cell SOC (state of charge, which is defined as the ratio of current charge and charge capacity).…”

“…How to control the process to reduce the equalization time? Seeing the gap in this area, a system-theoretic approach is adopted to study the behavior of battery equalization systems in [12,42]. Specifically, paper [42] proposes to a system-level model to describe the charge equalization behavior.…”

“…the time needed to complete the entire equalization process) for three different types of equalization structures: series-based, layer-based and module-based. The study is extended in [12], which focuses on series-based equalization systems considering energy loss, and external charging/discharging. Moreover, paper [12] also derives algorithms to calculate the SOCs during equalization process.…”

“…The study is extended in [12], which focuses on series-based equalization systems considering energy loss, and external charging/discharging. Moreover, paper [12] also derives algorithms to calculate the SOCs during equalization process. In this paper, we further extend the work of [12] to layer-and module-based equalization systems.…”

“…Moreover, paper [12] also derives algorithms to calculate the SOCs during equalization process. In this paper, we further extend the work of [12] to layer-and module-based equalization systems.…”