Mathematical Modeling, Performance Analysis and Control of Battery Equalization Systems: Review and Recent Developments

Han, Weiji; Liang, Zhang; Han, Yehui

doi:10.1002/9781119060741.ch12

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Since the circuits for comparison are affected by the initial distribution sequences of the batteries, all the distribution sequences will be simulated and compared. The total number of different distribution sequences of the four batteries is A 4 4 = 24, of which twelve samples are independent. The initial voltages of the four batteries are shown in Table 1, and the equalization threshold is 3 mV.…”

Section: Equalization Simulation For Ssie Pae and Nibnde With Four Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, dissipative equalization consumes energy and generates heat, which reduces the efficiency of the system and increases the difficulty of battery thermal management. The non-dissipative equalization has a higher energy utilization rate and lower heat production than dissipative equalization, but the structure is more complex and the cost is higher [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Inductor-Based Non-Dissipative Equalizer

Kang

Wang

et al. 2018

Energies

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Large numbers of non-dissipative equalizers have been proposed for solving the inconsistency problem of lithium battery strings. However, these equalizers face problems such as slow speed or using excessively large numbers of energy storage elements. This paper improved a multiple switch-inductors equalizer (MSIE), and proposed a novel inductor-based non-dissipative equalizer (NIBNDE). A simulation is built to compare the NIBNDE with two other equalizers, which indicated that the NIBNDE can reduce the number of energy storage elements while remaining at a good equalization speed. Experimental results validate the analysis of the simulation and the feasibility of the NIBNDE.

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Section: Equalization Simulation For Ssie Pae and Nibnde With Four Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Inductor-Based Non-Dissipative Equalizer

Kang

Wang

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…Unfortunately, this weakest cell will determine the capacity of the entire battery. The PEQ heating problem can be reduced by using active equalizers (AEQ) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] that transfer the charge between the cells, but they are seldom used due to their higher cost. The cost also limits the size of the AEQ equalization currents, so they are not very effective in compensating for large imbalances in the cell capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bilevel Equalizer to Boost the Capacity of Second Life Li Ion Batteries

2019

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There is a strong interest in second life applications for the growing number of used electric vehicle (EV) batteries, but capacity variations amongst these used cells present a problem. Even when these cells are matched for capacity, some imbalance is bound to remain, and a few lower capacity cells are also likely to develop after the pack begins its second life. Conventional cell voltage equalizers (EQU) do not address this problem, and they only provide a battery discharge capacity that is exactly equal to that of the weakest cell in the pack. This can easily result in a capacity loss of perhaps 20% to 25%, or more. This indicates the need for a new class of EQUs that can provide a discharge capacity that is close to the average of the cells, instead of the weakest cell. It is proposed to call these “capacity EQUs”, and the properties they must have are described. One such EQU is the bilevel equalizer (BEQ), described previously. This present paper provides an enhanced analysis of the BEQ and improved modelling methods. It also presents more details that are necessary to implement the microcontroller algorithm for the BEQ hardware.

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“…Generally, passive elements such as inductors [11][12][13][14][15], capacitors [16][17][18][19][20], transformers [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], and their combinations [30,31] are required to achieve the energy transfer. More information on the mathematical model and control of battery equalisation systems is summarised in [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐magnetic equaliser without any sensors for series‐connected battery strings

Liu

Zou

et al. 2019

IET Power Electronics

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This study proposes an automatic cell-to-cell equaliser to balance the battery voltages in series-connected battery strings. In the proposed equaliser, each cell needs only one MOSFET, and the adjacent cells share the transformer winding. The voltage balance is automatically realised by using a pair of complementary control signals with a fixed duty cycle. What's more, no sensing circuit is required. Consequently, the proposed equaliser is cost-effective and easy-to-realise. The circuit topology and operating principles are firstly presented. Then the voltage balance analysis is given in detail. Moreover, a design guide is also given by considering four lithium-ion cells. Finally, the validity of the proposed equaliser is verified by experimental results.

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Mathematical Modeling, Performance Analysis and Control of Battery Equalization Systems: Review and Recent Developments

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

A Novel Inductor-Based Non-Dissipative Equalizer

A Novel Inductor-Based Non-Dissipative Equalizer

A Bilevel Equalizer to Boost the Capacity of Second Life Li Ion Batteries

Single‐magnetic equaliser without any sensors for series‐connected battery strings

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