Comprehensive utilization of metallurgic waste in manganese electrowinning: Towards high performance LiMn2O4

LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials with Excellent Performances by Synergistic Enhancement of Double-Cation (Na+, Mg2+) Doping and 3DG Coating for Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In addition, very clear lattice fringes can be found in the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images (Figure b,c), and 0.476 and 0.248 nm plane spacings correspond to the {111} and {311} crystal planes, respectively, which is in full compliance with the JCPDS 89-0106 card of the LiMn 2 O 4 material. The corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Figure d) also clearly shows the {311}, {220}, and {111} crystal planes of the cubic spinel LiMn 2 O 4 material. , In Figure e, it can be observed that very thin and flexible 3DG is coated on the surface of the Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 material . In its corresponding HRTEM images (Figure f,g), very clear lattice fringes can also be found, and 0.477 and 0.238 nm plane spacings correspond to the {111} and {222} crystal planes, respectively, which is also in full compliance with the JCPDS 89-0106 card of the LiMn 2 O 4 material.…”

“…The corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Figure 5d) also clearly shows the {311}, {220}, and {111} crystal planes of the cubic spinel LiMn 2 O 4 material. 21,29 In Figure 5e, it can be observed that very thin and flexible 3DG is coated on the surface of the Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 material. 30 In its corresponding HRTEM images (Figure 5f F i g u r e 6 s h o w s t h e S E M i m a g e o f t h e Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 /3DG material composites with corresponding elemental mapping images of C (carbon), O (oxygen), Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), and Mn (manganese).…”

“…All samples own two pairs of obvious redox peaks, and these redox The As known to us, the value of the potential difference can reflect the degree of polarization of the material during the charging and discharging course. 29,33 Among the three types of materials, the potential differences 0.156 and 0.185 V corresponding to the Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 /3DG (3.5 mg/mL) material are the smallest, indicating the smallest electrode polarization and the best electrochemical performances.…”

“…By comparing these data, it can be found that the potential differences Δ E 1 and Δ E 2 of the Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 sample are smaller than that of the LiMn 2 O 4 sample, and that of the Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 /3DG (3.5 mg/mL) sample are further reduced. As known to us, the value of the potential difference can reflect the degree of polarization of the material during the charging and discharging course. , Among the three types of materials, the potential differences 0.156 and 0.185 V corresponding to the Li 0.94 Na 0.06 Mg 0.08 Mn 1.92 O 4 /3DG (3.5 mg/mL) material are the smallest, indicating the smallest electrode polarization and the best electrochemical performances.…”

Risk Identification and Evaluation of the Long-term Supply of Manganese Mines in China Based on the VW-BGR Method

“…Experts and scholars over the years have made efforts to conduct in-depth research and development of a new low-grade manganese ore processing technology and innovatively use low-grade manganese ore during the ferromanganese alloy production process and production of high-purity manganese sulfate. This has been done in an attempt to determine new means to directly develop and utilize low-grade manganese ore and increase the efficient use of manganese ore resources while reducing costs and contamination [54,55].…”