Comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography

Phillips, John B.; Xu, Jingzhen

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00297-z

Cited by 214 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the case of GC Â GC, the latter is a fast gas chromatograph, in which the sub-samples are separated along an independent secondary elution time axis; in GC-MS, the mass spectrometer subjects the sub-samples to fragmentation, and separates the generated fragments along a secondary m/z axis. The main difference between the two methods consists in the fact that in GC-MS, a single compound can produce several m/z signals, whereas only a single retention time signal is produced in GC Â GC (Phillips & Xu, 1995). Several years later, a simulated GC Â MS chromatogram was compared to that of a hydrocarbon GC Â GC chromatogram (Schoenmakers et al, 2000), whereas very recently, GC Â time-of-flight (ToF) MS diesel chromatograms have been generated by using soft ionization methodologies (Wang, Qian, & Green, 2005;Mitschke, Welthagen, & Zimmermann, 2006).…”

Section: Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography In Commentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Mondello

Tranchida

Dugo

et al. 2008

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

369

216

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Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC Â GC) has been on the scene for more than 15 years, it is still generally considered a relatively novel technique and is yet far from being fully established. The revolutionary aspect of GC Â GC, with respect to classical multidimensional chromatography, is that the entire sample is subjected to two distinct analytical separations. The resulting enhanced separating capacity makes this approach a prime choice when GC analysts are challenged with highly complex mixtures. The combination of a third mass spectrometric dimension to a GC Â GC system generates the most powerful analytical tool today for volatile and semi-volatile analytes. The present review is focused on the rather brief, but not scant, history of comprehensive two-dimensional GC-MS: the first experiments were carried out at the end of the 1990s and, since then, the methodology has been increasingly studied and applied. Almost all GC Â GC-MS applications have been carried out by using either a time-of-flight or quadrupole mass analyzer; significant experiments relative to a variety of research fields, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the MS systems employed, are discussed. The principles, practical and theoretical aspects, and the most significant developments of GC Â GC are also described. #

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Section: Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography In Commentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Mondello

Tranchida

Dugo

et al. 2008

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

369

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is ideal for the analysis of diesel, since high peak capacities (in terms of chromatographic separation) can be obtained 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

et al. 2015

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The trace polar species present in diesel were investigated by combining selective ionization with high resolution mass spectrometry. To eliminate matrix effects, the polar fraction was extracted using methanol and direct infusion with electrospray ionization and mass analysis were performed. The advantages and limitations of time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for diesel analysis were discussed.Complementary information was obtained by considering both positive and negative ion mass spectra in terms of compounds that form part of the inherent fuel composition and compounds that represent fuel additives. Additionally, diluted fuels were separated by gas chromatography prior to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass analysis. Results showed that a large portion of unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbons were not detected during direct infusion experiments, indicating that these species were not extracted efficiently with methanol and/or ionized efficiently with electrospray.

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“…The GC×GC-TOFMS system may also be operated in the 1D mode by deactivating the thermal modulator. The functions of the thermal modulator have been described elsewhere [8,27,[31][32][33]. Data was continuously acquired by the high speed detector (TOFMS) 8 Chromatography Research International and deconvoluted by commercially available software (ChromaTOF), that came with the instrument, which generated contour plots, as well as three-dimensional chromatograms, based upon the user defined modulation period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GC×GC is a relatively new technique [27], yet to be adapted by the CLP program. Since its inception, many researchers have published reviews and experimental results for a variety of complex samples using GC×GC -ECD or GC×GC-µECD, and more recently GC×GC-TOFMS [8,20,21,24,28,29], due to the complex nature of a single run in the 2D chromatographic separation method, their studies have not sufficiently resulted in the transfer of the 2D-GC technology to the commercial industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Comprehensive 2D Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for 209 Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Two Chromatographic Runs

Osemwengie

Sovocool

2011

Chromatography Research International

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This research evaluates a recently developed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography 2D GC coupled with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer for the potential separation of 209 PCB congeners, using a sequence of 1D and 2D chromatographic modes. In two consecutive chromatographic runs, using a 40 m, Rtx-PCB column, and a 1 m DB-17 column, connected in series, 196 PCB congeners are distinguished, including 43 of the 46 pentachlorobiphenyl isomers. Some of the chlorinated biphenyls that could not be resolved chromatographically are resolved with the use of the "ortho effect," which distinguishes PCB isomers having 2,2 -; and 2,2 6-chlorine substitution from those isomers without these substitutions. The result of this work falls short of our goal of separating all 209 PCB congeners but still provides investigators with a new tool for a better front-end separation of PCB-specific congeners, and potentially, for use in acquisition of more accurate data.

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Comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography

Cited by 214 publications

References 13 publications

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

Evaluation of Comprehensive 2D Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for 209 Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Two Chromatographic Runs

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