Composition of the volatile oils of Phlomis lanceolata Boiss. & Hohen., Phlomis anisodonta Boiss. and Phlomis bruguieri Desf. from Iran

Abstract

The composition of hydrodistilled essential oils of three species of Phlomis (Lamiaceae), P. lanceolata, P. anisodonta and P. bruguieri, were investigated by GC and GC-MS, and 31, 28 and 21 compounds, representing 94.1%, 96.0% and 96.8%, respectively, of the total oils, were identified. In all three samples, sesquiterpenes were the main components. In P. lanceolata oil the main components were germacrene D (47.0%), (E)-β β β β β-farnesene (10.5%), α α α α α-pinene (8.7%), germacrene B (8.0%), bicyclogermacrene (5.9%); in P. anisodonta, germacrene D (65.0%) and β β β β β-caryophyllene (11.0%); and in P. bruguieri, germacrene D (60.5%), γ γ γ γ γ-elemene (16.5%), germacrene B (7.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.1% Isolation ProcedureThe fresh aerial parts (100 g of each sample) were hydrodistilled for 4 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the oils were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored in sealed glass vials at 4°C before analysis. Gas ChromatographyA Thermoquest 2000 GC chromatograph with capillary column DB-1 (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 µm film thickness) was employed.

Phytochemistry and biological activities of Phlomis species

“…c Essence or "jing": means something specific of Korean traditional medicine. Sarkhail et al (2005) Phlomis bruguieri Germacrene D (60.5%), ␥-elemene (16.5%), germacrene B (7.1%), bicyclogermacrene (4.1%). Phlomis olivieri (DAP/H) Germacrene D (26.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.7%).…”

Assessment of the antibacterial activity of phenylethanoid glycosides from Phlomis lanceolata against multiple-drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus

“…While this genus is known to produce a variety of compounds, including terpenoids, iridoids, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids [2], thorough phytochemical investigation on P. lanceolata has not been carried out before. However, Sarkhail et al [3] reported the composition of the essential oils of this plant, and antiinflammatory and analgesic properties of P. lanceolata have also been documented [2]. As a part of our ongoing phytochemical and bioactivity studies on plants from Iranian flora [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], we now report on the isolation and structure elucidation of three phenylethanoid glycosides (1)(2)(3) and also on their antibacterial potentials against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Staphylococcus aureus (Scheme 1).…”

“…(family: Lamiaceae) is one of the 17 endemic Iranian species of the genus Phlomis [1,2]. A number of Phlomis species have been used in traditional medicine as a stimulant and tonic, and to treat pains, respiratory tract infections, diabetes and wounds [2,3]. While this genus is known to produce a variety of compounds, including terpenoids, iridoids, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids [2], thorough phytochemical investigation on P. lanceolata has not been carried out before.…”

Free-radical-scavenging principles from Phlomis caucasica

“…Whereas the genus Phlomis is known to produce a variety of compounds including, terpenoids, iridoids, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids [2], no phytochemical investigation on P. caucasica has ever been carried out before. As a part of our ongoing phytochemical and bioactivity studies on plants from Iranian flora [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], we report on the isolation and identification of seven antioxidant phenolic compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), and two phenylethanoid glycosides (6-7) from the aerial parts of P. caucasica and also on their free-radical-scavenging properties in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay.…”

“…This plant grows abundantly in the Yam area located in east Azerbaijan province of Iran. A number of Phlomis species have been used in Iranian traditional medicine as a stimulant and tonic and to treat pains, respiratory tract infections, diabetes and wounds [2,3]. P. caucasica has been used in the treatment of throat infections.…”