Phytochemistry and biological activities of Phlomis species

Evaluation of Anti-Melanogenic and Cytotoxic Activities of Phlomis caucasica on Human Melanoma SKMEL-3 Cells

“…In addition, iridoid glycosides, a main chemical group which are found in the genus Phlomis plants, have been shown to possess various pharmacological properties (6,(22)(23)(24)(25). For example, geniposide, an iridoid glycoside was found in P. younghusbandii (26) enhanced melanogenesis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinase, a downstream kinase of c-kit signaling and stimulation of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in norepinephrineexposed normal human epidermal melanocyte (13).…”

“…The genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae) is rich with polyphenols (flavonoids and phenylethanoids/phenylpropanoids), iridoids and essential oils. A number of Phlomis species revealed various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects (6,7). Previous studies have described the cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity of several Phlomis species such as P. lanceolata and P. russeliana (8,9).…”

Medicinal Potentials and Toxicity Concerns of Bioactive Principles

“…The terpenoids encompasses other classes of bioactive principles in diverse collections of plants. Notable examples include: mono-and sesquiterpene volatile derivatives from Antirrhinum tortuosum [182], mono-and sesquiterpenes from Phlomis fruticosa [183], saponins and sapogenins from Asparagus aphyllus [184], sesquiterpene lactones from Palaeocyanus crassifolius [185] tetraterpene carotenoids from Arum italicum [186], triterpenoids from Olea europaea [187,188] and β-sitosterol; a triterpene-like compound from Acanthus mollis [189] that exhibits plasma cholesterol lowering properties.…”

The Phytochemical and In Vitro Pharmacological Testing of Maltese Medicinal Plants

“…Some plants exhibited the presence of terpenes and related compounds in all solvent systems. Typical examples included Acanthus mollis, which mainly contains -sitosterol as the triterpene-like compound (Loukis & Philianos, 1980), Antirrhinum tortuosum, with mono and sesquiterpene volatile derivatives (Nagegowda et al, 2008), Arum italicum, with the tetraterpene carotenoids (Bonora et al, 2000), Asparagus aphyllus with saponins and sapogenins (Shao et al, 1996), Olea europaea containing mainly triterpenoids (Caputo et al, 1974;Elamrani, 2011), Palaeocyanus crassifolius containing sesquiterpene lactones (Koukoulitsa et al, 2002) and Phlomis fruticosa, mainly containing mono-and sesquiterpenes (Amor et al, 2009). In the case of Fumaria capreolata the main constituents mentioned in previous studies were the alkaloids (Soušek et al, 1999;MaizaBenabdesselam et al, 2007).…”