Composites of epoxy and graphene-related materials: Nanostructure characterization and release quantification

Hammer, Tobias; Netkueakul, Woranan; Zolliker, Peter; Schreiner, Claudia; Figi, Renato; Braun, Oliver; Wang, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100266

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…When a load is applied, the filler particles operate as triaxial stress concentrators, promoting craze development in the increased stress zones around the particles. [18][19][20] A vast number of minor crazes form and stabilize. This technique results in significant energy absorption during fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23] It has been proven in many studies that the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of epoxy-based composites are improved with nano-filling material. Filling materials made into epoxy are materials such as graphene, 20 clay, 22 SiC, 19,24 pumice, 25 halloysite. 26 Numerous investigations have focused on boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and carbon nanotubes, which are both expensive and difficult to manufacture in copious quantities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple crazing 14 and enormous shear banding 17 are well‐accepted toughening methods. When a load is applied, the filler particles operate as triaxial stress concentrators, promoting craze development in the increased stress zones around the particles 18–20 . A vast number of minor crazes form and stabilize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of halloysite nanotubes reinforced epoxy filler on the crushing behavior of aluminum tubes

Kosedag

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Crash box is one of the equipment to minimize the damage that may occur during an accident in vehicles. Many studies are conducted to improve the performance of crash boxes. Some of these studies were aimed at filling thin‐walled crash boxes. Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were used as filling material in this study. HNT can be found in nature and is in nanotube structure by nature. For this reason, it is inexpensive compared to other nanotubes like carbon nanotube. Within the scope of the study, epoxy‐based mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% HNT were prepared and filled into aluminum tubes. The powders used were ~20–100 nm in size and in the form of cylindrical tubes. Investigated were the effects of the HNT ratio and the thin‐walled aluminum construction. Nine diverse types of specimens were created. The vacuuming principle was used as the production method. The reason for this is to minimize the air bubbles that may occur during mixing. The effect of aluminum tube and HNT ratio on energy absorption and mechanical strength was investigated. For this, quasi‐static tests were conducted. The absorbed energies of the specimens were determined by integrating the acquired contact force–displacement curves, and the specific absorbed energy was determined by dividing the absorbed energy by the specimen weights. SEM images were taken for internal structure characterization. In addition, FTIR analysis was performed to determine whether the composite was cured. According to the results obtained, the mechanical characteristics and specific absorbed energy of the filled specimens were superior to those of the unfilled ones. Specimen containing 5% HNT showed maximum energy absorption and mechanical strength. Although the HNT additive has a positive effect on the mechanical and energy absorption in general, it has been determined that the HNT additive affects the performances negatively from 10%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of halloysite nanotubes reinforced epoxy filler on the crushing behavior of aluminum tubes

Kosedag

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…However, as high-energy bombardment occurs when X-ray passes through the shielding material, GN is considered to be a potential reinforcement in nanocomposites due to its superior mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and high specific surface of the 2D layer structure compared to GO . Moreover, the use of GN sheets as a reinforcement can efficiently modify the mechanical performances and thermal stability of the polymeric (e.g., EP) nanocomposites. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Molybdenum Disulfide/Epoxy Composites for Significant X-ray Shielding Enhancement

Yap

Santos

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Lead (Pb) is commonly used as a X-ray shielding material but has many limitations because of its heaviness and toxicity; thus, it is imperative to be replaced with lightweight and Pb-free shielding materials. To address this problem, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/epoxy (MoS2-EP) composites were considered as a possible solution. However, the low compatibility between MoS2 and an epoxy (EP) matrix and an unideal particle dispersion he lack of their distribution have hindered their designed X-ray shielding performance. To overcome this problem, this paper presented how the combination of graphene (GN) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) additives can significantly enhance the X-ray shielding performance of MoS2-EP composites. The results showed that when GN or hBN were introduced into the EP-MoS2 composite, X-ray transmission was reduced to 9.8% at 30 kVp and 40.3% at 80 kVp for EP-MoS2-GN and 7.1% at 30 kVp and 34.3% at 80 kVp for EP-MoS2-hBN. These results were explained due to the high aspect ratio of GN, which improved the MoS2 distribution within the EP matrix in the case of hBN, and the electrostatic forces at the interface of hBN and EP leading to better dispersion and interaction with the EP matrix compared to GN. Moreover, by employing an equal amount of the GN–hBN mixture, the synergistic effect of the EP-MoS2-GN-hBN composite film was observed with a significant X-ray shielding enhancement of 52.1% at 30 kVp and 33.2% at 80 kVp compared to that of the EP-MoS2 composite with the same thickness (2 mm) and density. These results were attributed to the molecular bonding of GN or hBN, which improved the compatibility between MoS2 and the EP matrix, providing other benefits of reduced surface roughness (0.46 μm) and improved composite hardness (65.7 HD). This work highlights a new strategy using combined GN and/or hBN for other high atomic number (Z) compounds–polymer composites and the development of advanced non-Pb X-ray shielding applications.

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“…4,5 The functionalization of graphene nanosheets with Oxygen Functional Groups significantly improves the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, making graphene oxide (GO) an effective material in reinforcing several nanocomposites. 6 Epoxy/graphene nanocomposites (EP/GNs) include a wide range of applications such as in sports materials, 7 constructions, 8 automobiles, 9 thermal management devices, 10 and high voltage power lines. 11 Therefore, the study of properties between nanoparticles in nanocomposites (EP/GNs) is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature and oxygen functional groups on interaction between epoxy resins and graphene surface

Salehi

Ahmadi

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Surface interactions between epoxy matrices and graphene nanosheets can directly affect the properties of nanocomposites, and such interactions are crucial to investigate. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the interaction rate between epoxy thermoset resins (EPON 828, EPON 862, Epoxy Novolac, and Cycloaliphatic Epoxy) with graphene, and Functionalized Graphene with Oxygen Functional Groups. The effect of temperatures and different weight percentage of graphene oxide (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) was studied, and as a result of which it was observed that increasing the weight percentage of graphene oxide improved the interaction energy (adhesion) between epoxy resins and graphene oxide. Also, it decreased the radius of gyration (more contraction of epoxy molecules than graphene oxide nanosheets). In addition, increasing the temperature led to reduction of the interaction energy between epoxy resins and functionalized graphene. Moreover, escalating the temperature did not have any significant effect on the radius of gyration and Epoxy molecules resizing compared to graphene oxide nanosheets. The amount of interaction energy between epoxy resins and pristine graphene is very low in comparison with graphene oxide; therefore, temperature has a small effect on the amount of interaction energy and radius of gyration. Finally, the strongest interaction energy was found to be related to Epoxy Novolac and EPON 862 resins by comparing the interaction energy and radius of gyration between epoxy resins with graphene oxide. Therefore, they were the best candidates for matrixes in epoxy/graphene oxide nanocomposites.

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Composites of epoxy and graphene-related materials: Nanostructure characterization and release quantification

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

The effect of halloysite nanotubes reinforced epoxy filler on the crushing behavior of aluminum tubes

The effect of halloysite nanotubes reinforced epoxy filler on the crushing behavior of aluminum tubes

Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Molybdenum Disulfide/Epoxy Composites for Significant X-ray Shielding Enhancement

Effect of temperature and oxygen functional groups on interaction between epoxy resins and graphene surface

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