Composite natural rubber based latex particles: a novel approach

Sanguansap, Kittiporn; Suteewong, Teeraporn; Saendee, Phutsadee; Buranabunya, U.; Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.074

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was obtained containing 20% of epoxy groups as described in [7] with some modifications. NRL, previously stabilized with surfactant, was epoxidized using organic peracid obtained in situ by the reaction between formic acid and hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Nrl -Epoxidation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized natural rubber and hydrotalcite compounds: rheological and thermal characterization

2017

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ObstractEpoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and synthetic non-modified hydrotalcite (HT) compounds were prepared and evaluated. Natural rubber (NR) was epoxidized with 20.6% of epoxy groups from a chemical modification of the latex. A sulfur-based curing system formulation with accelerators was used. The amounts of HT in the ENR-HT compositions was varied between 0, 2, 3 and 5 phr. All compositions were evaluated as to cure parameters, rheological properties, thermal resistance and crosslink density. The results showed that the mineral filler does not have a significant influence on the cure parameters. Different methods of crosslink density determination were used (swelling at equilibrium and elastic modulus). The results turn out to be equivalent and rise as the amount of filler is increased. The best results were found for the 5 phr hydrotalcite compound (ENR-HT5).

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Section: Chemical Modification Of Nrl -Epoxidation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized natural rubber and hydrotalcite compounds: rheological and thermal characterization

2017

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“…It reveals a narrower distribution of particle sizes for all the systems studied, with a size range of 122-295 nm, which is well within the size range reported in the literature. 22 Because part of the distribution of the size scale of the gels swings close to the nanorange of 100 nm, these can be termed quasi-nanoparticles. The values of Z avg the mean hydrodynamic particle diameter, are (nm) for various gels are listed in Table II.…”

Section: Dls Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of quasi‐nanogel particles on the rheological and mechanical properties of natural rubber: A new insight

Mitra

Chattopadhyay

Bhowmick

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of sulfur-crosslinked, quasinanosized gels on the rheological and mechanical properties of raw natural rubber (NR) was investigated. Latex gels with different crosslink densities were prepared through the variation of the sulfur-to-accelerator ratio. These gels were characterized by dynamic light scattering, solvent swelling, and mechanical properties. The gels were mixed with raw NR latex at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, and 16 phr, and their effect on the rheological properties of NR was studied by Monsanto processability tester. The presence of gel in raw NR reduced the apparent shear viscosity and die swell considerably. Initially, the viscosity decreased up to a 8 phr gel loading and then increased with an increase in the gel loading. However, the change in the viscosity was related to the crosslink density of the gels. A new empirical equation relating the viscosity, volume fraction of the gels, and crosslink density was proposed. The die swell of gel-filled raw NR was at least 10% lower than that of unfilled raw NR and decreased with an increase in the gel loading. The effect of the gels on the die swell properties was explained through the calculation of the principal normal stress difference of gel-filled NR systems. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the extrudates revealed much better surface smoothness for the gel-filled virgin rubber systems than for the unfilled rubber. The addition of the gels to raw NR increased the modulus and tensile strength, whereas the elongation at break decreased. The effect of the gels on the dynamic mechanical properties of NR was also investigated.

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“…Surface-modified nanoclay with organic cations such as alkylammonium and alkylphosphonium is the most widely used nanofiller for this purpose [9]. Intercalated and exfoliated nanostructure was achieved in various polymeric matrixes when surface-modified nanoclay was used [10][11][12][13][14][15]. The nanoconcept is highly relevant for EVA and NR, since their application requires filler reinforcement to achieve the desired final properties, such as high stiffness, thermal stability and flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene‐(vinyl acetate) copolymer/natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Munusamy¹,

Ismail²,

Mariatti³

et al. 2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the morphology, crosslink density, and tensile properties of EVA/SMR L (Standard Malaysian Rubber)/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by a melt-blending technique were investigated. All the samples were irradiated by using a 3.0-MeV EB apparatus with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. Organoclay loading was varied from 0 to 10 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of resin). X-ray diffraction results and transmission electron microscopy images proved that the dispersion of organoclay in the nanocomposites was slightly improved by EB irradiation. The gel fraction yield for the nanocomposites increased with irradiation dose but decreased with organoclay loading. However, at 200 kGy, the gel fraction yield was almost the same at all organoclay loadings. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation increased proportionally with the irradiation dose. Elongation at break of the nanocomposites increased up to 100 kGy but then decreased at higher irradiation doses. The intercalation and exfoliation of the organoclay, the barrier effect, and the Hofmann degradation of the modification agent are the three major factors leading to the improvement of the properties of the irradiated nanocomposites. J. VINYL

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Composite natural rubber based latex particles: a novel approach

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

Epoxidized natural rubber and hydrotalcite compounds: rheological and thermal characterization

Epoxidized natural rubber and hydrotalcite compounds: rheological and thermal characterization

Effects of quasi‐nanogel particles on the rheological and mechanical properties of natural rubber: A new insight

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene‐(vinyl acetate) copolymer/natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

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