Epoxidized natural rubber and hydrotalcite compounds: rheological and thermal characterization

Silva, Vanessa Macedo da; Nunes, Regina C. R.; Sousa, Atos Alves de

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.03416

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Based on the obtained results, it was possible to affirm that both techniques used to evaluate the cross-linking density resulted in the same behavior among the formulations in this study. The same behavior was evidenced by Silva et al, 29 in their study with epoxidized NR and hydrotalcite compounds, in which cross-linking density was evaluated by a solvent swelling method and by verifying the storage modulus ( E ′) properties. The results found by Silva et al 29 show that the values obtained by the different methods are not equal, but present the same behavior between the formulations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The same behavior was evidenced by Silva et al, 29 in their study with epoxidized NR and hydrotalcite compounds, in which cross-linking density was evaluated by a solvent swelling method and by verifying the storage modulus ( E ′) properties. The results found by Silva et al 29 show that the values obtained by the different methods are not equal, but present the same behavior between the formulations. The author further justifies that cross-link density analysis by storage modulus properties is a fast and efficient alternative to measure this property.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

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Influence on mechanical and rheometric properties through different methods of chemical modification of silica applied to natural rubber compounds

Rombaldi

Pierozan²,

Brandalise

2020

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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The chemical modification of fillers has been an alternative to reach new levels of mechanical and rheometric properties. In this study, three methods of chemical modification of silica Zeosil 1165 PM, used as a reinforcing filler in elastomeric formulations, were evaluated by using the organosilane coupling agent, bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane (TESPT) compared to the reference, without addition of the TESPT named F1. The modification methods adopted were the chemical modification of the time-temperature-controlled greenhouse silica, named F2, the modification of the silica in the Banbury mixing process, named F3, and the use of the nanoclay-modified silica and incorporation of the TESPT in Banbury, named F4. Modification of greenhouse silica was monitored by thermogravimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry to define the modification parameters used for further incorporation of the filler in Banbury. Regarding the morphological properties, a large reduction of silica aggregates and agglomerates in TESPT formulations was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm (F1) to aggregates below 100 nm (F2, F3, and F4). On the other hand, improvements in rheometric, rheological, physical, and mechanical properties were also observed, comparing F2, F3, and F4 with F1, such as a reduction in Mooney viscosity by 40.2%, 51.1%, and 47.8%, a reduction in the optimal cure time by 41.1%, 48.9%, and 44.4%, a reduction in permanent deformation by 47.1%, 31.3%, and 41.6%, an increase in hardness by 15.3%, 16.4%, and 21.6%, increase in the reinforcement character by 32.4%, 51.7%, and 66.0%, and an increase in resistance to traction by 26.6%, 16.1%, and 63.9%. The best results for reinforcing character and tensile strength were verified in the modified nanoclay silica (F4). Thus, all results converge to a significant improvement in the properties of the formulations with the use of TESPT.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Influence on mechanical and rheometric properties through different methods of chemical modification of silica applied to natural rubber compounds

Rombaldi

Pierozan²,

Brandalise

2020

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…Currently, owing to the good properties of LDHs, such as ease of synthesis, lamellar structure and easily controllable particle size, high bound water content, non-toxicity, or high reactivity toward anionic organic species, these materials have attracted much attention, especially in the field of elastomer composites [10]. Applications of pure and modified LDHs have been widely studied in elastomer composites based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) [11,12], chloroprene rubber (CR) [13], acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) [14,15], carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) [16,17], silicone rubber (SR) [18,19], polyurethane elastomers (PU) [20], solution styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) [21] and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) [22]. For example, Das et al applied zinc-stearate-modified LDH as a mineral filler to ensure a more environmentally friendly rubber composites as compared to commercial formulations [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Maciejewska

Sowińska

2021

Polymers

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This work concerns the effect of fillers and ionic liquids on the cure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) compounds, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the vulcanizates. Three types of white filler were applied, such as cellulose, nanosized silica and hydrotalcite, to modify the performance of NR composites. Additionally, ionic liquids (ILs) with bromide anion and different cations, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmi) and 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium (Bmpyr), were used to improve the cure characteristics of NR compounds and functional properties of the vulcanizates. The type of filler and the structure of ILs were proved to affect the rheometric properties and cure characteristics of NR compounds as well as the performance of the NR vulcanizates. Owing to the adsorption of curatives onto the surface, silica reduced the activity of the crosslinking system, prolonging the optimal vulcanization time of NR compounds and reducing the crosslinking degree of the elastomer. However, silica-filled NR exhibited the highest thermal stability. Hydrotalcite increased the crosslink density and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, but deteriorated their thermal stability. ILs beneficially influenced the cure characteristics of NR compounds, as well as the crosslink density and mechanical performance of the vulcanizates, particularly those filled with silica. Cellulose did not significantly affect the vulcanization of NR compounds and crosslink density of the vulcanizates compared to the unfilled elastomer, but deteriorated their tensile strength. On the other hand, cellulose improved the thermal stability and did not considerably alter the damping properties of the vulcanizates.

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“…Rubber nanocomposites is one of the composites which were developed by several researchers around the world using different rubbers such as natural rubbe r(NR) [2][3][4] , butadiene rubber (BR), butyl rubber (IIR) [5] , chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) [6,7] , epoxidizednatural rubber (ENR) [8] , styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene butadiene styrene rubber (SBS) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) for various applications. Even though IIR has its own merits and its property was enhanced with reinforcement of various nanosized fillers such as carbon black (CB) [9] , silica, carbon nanotubes [10] , graphene [11,12] , graphene oxide (GO) [13,14] and nanoclay [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive compatibilization effect of graphene oxide reinforced butyl rubber nanocomposites

Chinnasamy¹,

Rathanasamy²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

Polímeros

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The objective of this work is to develop graphene oxide (GO) incorporated butyl rubber (IIR) nanocomposites by three different methods: direct addition approach (DAAM), single step method (SSM) and two step method (TSM). Chlorobutyl rubber was used as a compatibilizer in SSM and TSM. Mechanical properties of developed nanocomposites was increased and gas permeability coefficient was decreased up on addition of GO content in IIR matrix. Maximum technical properties was achieved for the nanocomposite with 1.6 wt.% of GO in all methods was achieved due to better interfacial bonding with IIR matrix. When GO content increases above 1.6 wt.% in IIR matrix leads to agglomeration which resulted in deterioration of mechanical properties. HR-TEM studies revealed that nanocomposites prepared by TSM shows exfoliated structure of GO in IIR matrix due to homogenous distribution when compared to the nanocomposites prepared with DAAM and SSM.

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Epoxidized natural rubber and hydrotalcite compounds: rheological and thermal characterization

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Influence on mechanical and rheometric properties through different methods of chemical modification of silica applied to natural rubber compounds

Influence on mechanical and rheometric properties through different methods of chemical modification of silica applied to natural rubber compounds

Influence of Fillers and Ionic Liquids on the Crosslinking and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Reactive compatibilization effect of graphene oxide reinforced butyl rubber nanocomposites

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