Composite membranes with poly(ether ether ketone) as support and polyaniline like structure, with potential applications in fuel cells

Abstract

Abstract:

Dual driven mechanism (hygro‐redox) semi‐interpenetrating polymer network composite film (polyaniline‐polyacrylic acid/sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)) for artificial muscles

“…The imaginary part which prevails at lower frequency is used to characterize the impedance of the composites due to the contribution of the uncompensated resistance to the real part of impedance at higher frequency. 15,34 As can be seen from Figure 4C, the data showed the lowest semicircle for sample A-4 followed by A-3, A-2, and A-1. The lower semicircle diameter represents faster electron kinetics within the high-frequency region.…”

“…32 The contribution of SPEEK in conductivity enhancement is dependent on the sulfonation degree. The average degree of sulfonation (DS) achieved was 68%, close to the ideal 70% since lower DS reduces the conductivity and higher DS decreases the polymer resistance 15 and increases water uptake to a degree that negatively affects the reversible contraction of the polymer. 33 The impedance of the composites was determined by sandwiching the films between the electrodes and the frequency was scanned between 0.1 Hz and100 kHz.…”

“…Carboxylate groups in PAA increase hydrophilicity while the SPEEK enhances ionic conductivity through sulfonate groups, increases hydrophilicity, boosts the mechanical properties, and helps with film casting. 15 Catalysis plays a significant role in artificial muscle techniques by converting chemical or electrical energy to mechanical motion.…”

Bioactive Potential of 3D-Printed Oleo-Gum-Resin Disks:B. papyrifera,C. myrrha, andS. benzoinLoading Nanooxides—TiO2, P25, Cu2O, and MoO3

“…The FTIR spectrum of benzoin shows stretching band of carboxyl group (C=O) at 1719 cm −1 , and aromatic skeletal bands at 1601, 1516, and 1451 cm −1 , stretching band of C–O in carboxyl group at 1273 cm −1 , and a bending band at 712 cm −1 show a phenyl group (Ph–H) peaks identified at 1207 to 1441 cm −1 and 1376 to 1450 cm −1 confirming the presence of coniferyl benzoate [ 104 ]; the peak found near to 1650 cm −1 evidences an aliphatic unsaturation with strong C=C bonds, the peak near to 1610 cm −1 shows weak aromatic unsaturation [ 105 ], the peaks found at around 2872 and 2923 cm −1 can be attributed to C–H asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of methylene [ 106 ], also the band observed at around 1450 cm −1 is due to C–H stretching vibration of methylene bridge, a peak at 1560 cm −1 can be assigned to stretching vibration of a carboxylate group (–COOH) [ 107 ], the broad peaks at 3500 cm −1 3.420 cm −1 can be assigned to stretching of functional groups O–H [ 108 ], additionally peaks at 1580 to 1590 cm −1 correspond to stretching vibration of C=C–C aromatic rings [ 109 ], and lastly, a band observed at around 1400 cm −1 refers to C–H stretching vibration of vinyl [ 110 ] and broad peaks at 1070 cm −1 can be associated with stretching vibration of C–O–C [ 111 ].…”

Dynamic Membranes on Polysulfone Support for Fuel Cells

“…The PSf-SPEEK composite membranes were formed by SPEEK gel ultrafiltration in a CELFA System installation on the polysulfone matrix [24,25].…”